Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.40E

Equation 4.19 says that

( U V ) S = p

If we are considering the variation of Δ U , the change in the change of the internal energy, we can write that as (see the previous problem for an analogous argument)

( ( Δ U ) V ) S = Δ p

Show that this is entirely consistent with the first law of thermodynamics.

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(i) Identify the different enthalpy changes and construct the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of sodium choride (NaCl) using the information below. Calculate the missing enthalpy change value   Na+(g)                 +          Cl-(g)    →        NaCl (s)           ∆Ho = ?     Cl2 (g)  →        Cl (g)                                                    ∆Ho = +121 kJmol-1     Cl (g)      +          e-         →        Cl-(g)                            ∆Ho = -364 kJmol-1     Na (s)     →       Na (g)                                                   ∆Ho = +108 kJmol-1     Na (g)     →        Na+(g)  +          e-                                                  ∆Ho = +500 kJmol-1     Na (s)   +          Cl2 (g)           →        NaCl (s)           ∆Ho = -411 kJmol-1
The diagram below shows a system that is made up of 3 molecules (labeled A, B, and C) that contains a total of 4 units of energy. Assuming that no molecule can have 0 energy associated with it, and that only integral amounts of units of energy are allowed (energy = 1 or energy = 2 is allowed, but energy = 1.5 is not). In the left-most diagram, one possible way of distributing the four units of energy among these three molecules is presented. This distribution is represented as: (1, 1, 2). %3D 6 SEE 6 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 A B C AB C АВС (1, 1, 2) a. Show explicitly that a total of 4 units of energy are present in the left-most diagram. b. Explain why (1, 3, 0) is not an allowed distribution for this system. Show the other two allowed distributions of energy for this system using the two blank diagrams, and write the corresponding representation below each diagram. С.

Chapter 4 Solutions

Physical Chemistry

Ch. 4 - Consider a piston whose compression ratio is 10:1;...Ch. 4 - When one dives, water pressure increases by 1atm...Ch. 4 - Calculate G(25C) for this chemical reaction, which...Ch. 4 - Thermodynamic properties can also be determined...Ch. 4 - Calculate G in two different ways for the...Ch. 4 - Calculate G in two different ways for the...Ch. 4 - For the reaction C(graphite)C(diamond) at 25C,...Ch. 4 - Determine G for the following reaction at 0C and...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum amount of electrical that is,...Ch. 4 - When a person performs work, it is non-pV work....Ch. 4 - Can non-pV work be obtained from a process for...Ch. 4 - Can pV work be obtained from a process for which...Ch. 4 - Batteries are chemical systems that can be used to...Ch. 4 - The value of G for any phase change at constant p...Ch. 4 - The value of G for any phase change at constant p...Ch. 4 - Under what conditions is A=0 for a phase change?...Ch. 4 - Example 4.2 calculated A for one step of a Carnot...Ch. 4 - Can CV and Cp be easily defined using the natural...Ch. 4 - Analogous to equation 4.26, what is the expression...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.30ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.31ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.32ECh. 4 - Although ideally, U=H=0 for a gas-phase process at...Ch. 4 - Use equations 4.21 and 4.25 to explain why H and G...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.35ECh. 4 - Which of the following functions are exact...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.37ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.38ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.39ECh. 4 - Equation 4.19 says that (UV)S=p If we are...Ch. 4 - For an isentropic process, what is the approximate...Ch. 4 - Use the ideal gas law to demonstrate the cyclic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.43ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.44ECh. 4 - Evaluate (U/V)T for an ideal gas. Use the...Ch. 4 - Evaluate (U/V)T for a van der Waals gas. Use the...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous exercise for a gas that...Ch. 4 - Determine an expression for (p/S)T for an ideal...Ch. 4 - Determine the value of the derivative {[(G)]/T}p...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.50ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.51ECh. 4 - A 0.988-mole sample of argon expands from 25.0L to...Ch. 4 - A 3.66-mol sample of He contracts from 15.5L to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.55ECh. 4 - Use the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation to demonstrate...Ch. 4 - For the equation 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g)...Ch. 4 - Use equation 4.46 as an example and find an...Ch. 4 - What is the value of G when 1.00mol of water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.60ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.61ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.62ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.63ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.64ECh. 4 - What is the change in the chemical potential of a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.66ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.67ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.68ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.69ECh. 4 - Can equation 4.62 be used to calculate for an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.71ECh. 4 - Of helium and oxygen gases, which one do you...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.73ECh. 4 - Use equation 4.39 to determine a numerical value...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.75ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.76E
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