Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 15PS
Interpreting Data A population of bacteria may evolve resistance to a drug over time. Draw a graph that represents such a change. Label the x- axis as “time* and the y- axis as *population size.” Draw a line on the graph that represents how the
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The following graph shows the trends in bacteria and viruses after they infect an organism.
A
B
Time
Time
02017 Panon Eacatn, ine.
Part A:
Explain how reproductive differences between these two pathogens attribute to the differences shown in
the graph. Identify whether viruses are organisms and describe how this graph supports your claim.
Part B:
Most antibiotics target the cell wall of a pathogen. Use the graph to explain why antibiotics can be
ineffective against some pathogens.
Number of bacteria-
Number of viruses →
In a minimum of 5 sentences,explain "Biodivesity starts in the distant past and it points toward the future".
The Kishony performed a simple but elegant experiment using a “mega-plate.”
Which of the following is a fair conclusion that can be drawn from this study?
The majority of antibiotic resistance occurs via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between Actinobacteria
Sensitive bacteria may acquire resistance to high concentrations of the antibiotic through many mutations
Bacteria will gradually lose resistance to an antibiotic if you plate them on a large enough plate
Bacteria will migrate via chemotaxis away from recombinant phage used in phage therapy
Chapter 4 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 4 - You look into a microscope and view an unknown...Ch. 4 - Explain how each word in the term fluid mosaic...Ch. 4 - Identify which of the following structures...Ch. 4 - The ER has two distinct regions that differ in...Ch. 4 - Why do cell walls make good targets for antibiotic...Ch. 4 - Name two similarities in the structure or function...Ch. 4 - Match the following organelles with their...Ch. 4 - DNA controls the cell transmitting genetic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9SQCh. 4 - Prob. 10IMT
Ch. 4 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 4 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 4 - Plant seeds store oils as droplets. An oil droplet...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14PSCh. 4 - Interpreting Data A population of bacteria may...Ch. 4 - Doctors at a university medical center removed...Ch. 4 - Scientists can manipulate living cells, changing...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- There are concerns about overuse and misuse of antibacterial drugs, and the association of these with increased antibiotic resisstance in bacteria. Of the following, which best explains this? Antibiotic exposure directly causes many of bacterial in a population to mutate and develop new antibiotic resistance traits. If antibiotic use occurs repeatedly in a person, the dosage of the drug needs to be increased to work in a patient’s system because he/she will develop physiological tolerance to the antibiotic. Exposure to an antibiotic causes bacteria to die or become stronger; stronger bacteria will be better able to cope with additional exposures to any antibiotic drug, eventually becoming immune to all antibiotics. Antibiotics kill susceptible cells and even a small number of existing resistant bacteria that survive will become the majority of the population that remains, leading to populations that are resistant to this drug.arrow_forwardThe following graph shows the trends in bacteria and viruses after they infect an organism. Time Time 2017 Pearon Education, Inc. Part A: Explain how reproductive differences between these two pathogens attribute to the differences shown in the graph. Identify whether viruses are organisms and describe how this graph supports your claim. Part B: Most antibiotics target the cell wall of a pathogen. Use the graph to explain why antibiotics can be ineffective against some pathogens. B IU 1000 acer Number of bacteria> Number of virusesarrow_forwardWhich of the following options best describes the process of selection for antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the presence of an antibiotic? Antibiotic resistance occurs when the human body resists an antibiotic; the bacteria are not under selective pressure Antibiotic-resistant cells are naturally stronger, so they always take over in the presence of antibiotic- sensitive cells Antibiotics kill off sensitive cells, while resistant bacteria survive and multiply O In the presence of antibiotics, most bacterial cells react by becoming resistant before they start dividing again MacBook Air DD 000 80 F9 000 F8 F7 F5 F6 F3 F4arrow_forward
- What is the best explanation for why a bacteriostatic treatment might be chosen over a bacteriocidal treatment? Bacteriostatic treatments will eliminate all bacteria while bacteriocidal treatments will only eliminate a portion of the bacteria. Bacteriostatic treatments typically have lower toxicity to the host when compared to bacteriocidal treatments. Bacteriostatic treatments will prevent all bacterial growth, while bacteriocidal treatments will permit some bacterial growth. Bacteriostatic treatments are typically more costly than bacteriocidal treatments.arrow_forwardWhich statements describe ways in which antibiotic resistant bacteria can spread? Health care workers become infected after have interacting with sick patients. Hospital visitors transfer resistant bacteria from patients to family or community members. Animals raised for meat or milk are routinely given antibiotics. Animal feces is used as a fertilizer for food crops. Antibacterial soaps are used at home, at schools, and in hospitals.arrow_forwardWhich of the following options best describes the process of selection for antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the presence of an antibiotic? Antibiotic resistance occurs when the human body resists an antibiotic; the bacteria are not under selective pressure In the presence of antibiotics, most bacterial cells react by becoming resistant before they start dividing again Antibiotic-resistant cells are naturally stronger, so they always take over in the presence of antibiotic-sensitive cells Antibiotics kill off sensitive cells, while resistant bacteria survive and multiplyarrow_forward
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts Which of the following factors contributes to the rise of antibiotic resistance? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY intron removal spontaneous mutations selective pressure induced mutations horizontal gene transferarrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts Antibiotics selectively inhibit or kill bacterial cells. Describe three targets of antibiotics in bacterial cells. Explain how the antibiotics produce these effects at each target. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms of resistance to many antibiotics. Describe two different mechanisms of resistance, explaining how the bacterium overcomes the action of the antibiotic. Give an example of an antibiotic whose effect can be overcome by each of the mechanisms you have described.arrow_forwardhow can bacteria populations become resistant to antibiotics? use the terms pre- existing, inherited, variation, survive, over generations and resistantarrow_forward
- The following graph shows the trends in bacteria and viruses after they infect an organism. Part A: Explain how reproductive differences between these two pathogens attribute to the differences shown in the graph. Identify whether viruses are organisms and describe how this graph supports your claim. Part B: Most antibiotics target the cell wall of a pathogen. Use the graph to explain why antibiotics can be ineffective against some pathogens.arrow_forwardconsider the following terms: Envelope Fusion Gene therapy Pathogen Vaccine Capsule Decomposer Epidemic Mold Spore Yeast Choose 2 terms from the list and answer the following questions for each term: What familiarity and prior knowledge do you have about the term? What does the term mean in everyday language to everyday people? Use examples to help describe your thoughts. How do people use the word? What does the term mean in technical language to biologists? How is the term related to the course student learning outcome: Describe classifications of biological diversity? What are the similarities and differences between the everyday and technical meanings and uses of the term? What impact might the similarities and differences have on your learning of biology concepts in this course?arrow_forwardYou will have the opportunity to explore the effectiveness of six different antibacterial substances against a certain species of bacteria. You will follow scientific procedures by questioning, forming a hypothesis, setting up and conducting an experiment, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion. You will determine the comparative effectiveness of six antibiotics. What is the dependent variable? What is the independent variable?arrow_forward
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