Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Question
Chapter 37, Problem 2FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The body’s mechanisms that protect against the infections are innate defense and adaptive defense. Innate defense is also known as a nonspecific defense which provides response regardless of exposure numbers and pathogen type. It includes mechanical barrier, natural killer cell, species resistance, chemical barriers, fever, inflammation, and phagocytosis.
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Nonspecific internal defenses against disease include________, which engulf and digest microbes;________, which destroy cells that have been infectedby viruses; the_______ , provoked by injury; and______, an elevation of body temperature that slows microbial reproduction and enhances the body’s defenses.
External defenses against microbial invasion include the_____and the mucous membranes that line the__________,_______,and______ tracts.
Suppose that an individual's arm is cut, and because of this injury, bacteria are able to gain entry to the body and cause disease. What type of defense has been breached (overcome)?
Group of answer choices
physical defense
chemical defense
adaptive defense
Chapter 37 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 37.1 - compare and contrast the terms microbe and...Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 37.2 - If phagocytes kill most species of bacteria that...Ch. 37.2 - describe the external barriers to Infection,...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 37.4 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 37.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 37.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.6 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.6 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.7 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 37.7 - Prob. 1TCCh. 37.7 - explain how antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and...Ch. 37.7 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.8 - What might be the evolutionary advantage of...Ch. 37.8 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.9 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.9 - describe current medical treatments against...Ch. 37.9 - Prob. 1CTCh. 37 - Prob. 1MCCh. 37 - Prob. 2MCCh. 37 - Molecules that label your cells as self are a....Ch. 37 - Prob. 4MCCh. 37 - The immune system usually does not attack your...Ch. 37 - External defenses against microbial invasion...Ch. 37 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 37 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 37 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 37 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 37 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 37 - Prob. 1RQCh. 37 - Prob. 2RQCh. 37 - Describe humoral immunity and cell-mediated...Ch. 37 - Prob. 4RQCh. 37 - Prob. 5RQCh. 37 - Prob. 6RQCh. 37 - Prob. 7RQCh. 37 - What are memory cells? How do they contribute to...Ch. 37 - Prob. 9RQCh. 37 - Prob. 10RQCh. 37 - Prob. 11RQCh. 37 - Prob. 12RQCh. 37 - Prob. 13RQCh. 37 - Why is it essential that antibodies and T-cell...Ch. 37 - Prob. 2AC
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Similar questions
- Suppose that an individual's arm is cut, and because of this injury, bacteria are able to gain entry to the body and cause disease. What type of defense has been breached (overcome)? physical defense adaptive defense chemical defensearrow_forwardThe defenses created by physical barriers are often supported by chemical barriers (and vis versa), in the innate immune response, as a way to target the normal living conditions of foreign invaders. This may include an acidic environment, a nutrient deprived environment, or sequestering/ blocking an organism into a certain location in the body. True Falsearrow_forwardDuring the inflammatory response, the reasoning for the heat felt at the site of inflammation is because local blood vessels vasoconstrict causing a reduction in local cell metabolism local blood vessels vasodilate bringing an increased volume of water to the area which retains heat local blood vessels vasodilate causing an increase in local cell metabolism when white blood cells are activated they become hotterarrow_forward
- Which is an example of chemotaxis? the movement of cells toward or away from a chemical stimulus the squeezing of cells between the cells lining capillaries in order to attack invading microbes the transport of substances across the cytoplasmic membrane the attachment of phagocytes to a microorganism by binding to complimentary proteinsarrow_forwardThe response to intracellular pathogens, by the innate immune system is the same as the response to extracellular pathogens, including phagocytosis, inflammation, and/or extracellular killing. This shows the hallmark of the innate immune response as it is not specific and has no memory to treat pathogens differently. True Falsearrow_forwardA _______ response is when the immune system responds faster upon second encounter with an antigen.arrow_forward
- The body’s immune response comprises innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Virulence is the capacity of a pathogen to cause disease BOTH statements are FALSE BOTH statements are TRUE FIRST statement is FALSE; SECOND statement is TRUE FIRST statement is TRUE; SECOND statement is FALSEarrow_forwardKayla is a medical assistant working in a pediatrician’s office. Mrs. Meghan brings her daughter Molly, age 7, to the office for her usual checkup. Molly is going to camp. She is concerned that Molly may be exposed to all kinds of infections or disease. What will Kayla explain to Mrs. Meghan about the body’s normal defense mechanisms and how they will protect Molly?arrow_forwardThe classic inflammatory response (heat, swelling, redness, pain) reflects the communication of innate and adaptive defenses. Which of the following is not correct about this response? Group of answer choices Non-cytopathic viruses stimulate the inflammatory response Adjuvants stimulate inflammation and therefore a good antibody response Dendritic cells link the innate and adaptive responses Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a major inducer of inflammation Increased blood flow is one result of inflammationarrow_forward
- suppose than individual's arm is cut, and because of this injury, bacteria are able to gain entry to the body and cause disease. What type of defense has been breached (overcome)?arrow_forwardMatch the following principles to its respective concepts. Match each item to a choice: Innate Immune System Immune System Adaptive Immune System Choices: : Physiological System for Infection Control : Protective Barriers for Infection : Prolonged Protection for Infectionarrow_forwardWhich is NOT a role of sebum in the innate immune system. Group of answer choices dehydrates microbes keeps skin pliable and less likely to tear contains antimicrobial proteins lowers pHarrow_forward
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