Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question
Chapter 33, Problem 15P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The primary mechanisms that facilitate the existence of distinct cell types in eukaryotes should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Genes are expressed into proteins, which dictate cell function. Due to this, every gene in all the cells determines the job of the cell. Moreover, the formation of RNA from DNA, and formation of proteins from DNA is self-regulated. This helps in adjusting the amount and type of proteins manufactured in the cell.
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The continuity of life depends on a cell cycle during which genetic information is passed from a parent cell to daughter cells. Because cell division plays several important roles in life, it is important that the cycle be regulated. Which of the following are reasons the cell cycle must be regulated? Select all that apply. The continuity of life depends on a cell cycle during which genetic information is passed from a parent cell to daughter cells. Because cell division plays several important roles in life, it is important that the cycle be regulated.Which of the following are reasons the cell cycle must be regulated? Select all that apply.[ ]To make sure cells only divide when conditions are favorable for growth and development of the organism[ ]To make sure daughter cells end up with the right number of chromosomes[ ]To make sure daughter cells are genetically different from the parent cell[ ]To allow cells to respond to cues from their internal state and from their environment.
According to the histone-code hypothesis, what is one way that cell specialization occurs?
a) Differential DNA methylation patterns
b) Variation in enhancers in different cells
c) TFII transcription factors binding to different histones in a cell-specific manner
d) Differential expression of histone modifying enzymes
e) Different histones are expressed in different cells
Which of the following are stages in the cytokinesis of animal cells? Select all that apply.
A) The cell plate expands along the plane of division, and when the plate fuses with the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm is partitioned into two new cells.
B)After telophase, the contractile ring constricts the plasma membrane and forms a cleavage furrow.
C)The contractile ring reaches its smallest diameter, and the spindle microtubules are cut as vesicles form the new membranes that separate the two new cells.
D)A contractile ring of microfilaments and motor proteins forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase.
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- Which of the following are stages in the cytokinesis of animal cells? Select all that apply. A) The cell plate expands along the plane of division, and when the plate fuses with the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm is partitioned into two new cells. B) After telophase, the contractile ring constricts the plasma membrane and forms a cleavage furrow. C) The contractile ring reaches its smallest diameter, and the spindle microtubules are cut as vesicles form the new membranes that separate the two new cells. D) A contractile ring of microfilaments and motor proteins forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase.Assessment questionarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an explanation for how there can be differential gene expression throughout a multicellular organism? A) There are unique sets of genes present in the different tissues of the organisms B) Some tissues have histones, while other cells do not use histones C) There are unique combinations of transcription factors in different tissues of the organism D) Different tissues throughout the organism use different genetic coding rules .arrow_forwardHow does gene expression influence the behavior of cells that contain the same genome (genetic information)? In other words, why do cells that belong to the same multicellular organism have a different structure and function?arrow_forward
- Using the figure below identify: What is the role of histones and nucleosomes? How the process of chromatin condensation is performed? What is a function of introns and exons? What is a role of mobile DNA elements? What is a meaning of simple-sequence DNA?arrow_forwardOther than obvious changes in protein-encoding Neanderthal genes, changes in what type of non-coding DNA sequences would affect cell function? A) Alu family of repeated sequences B) Short tandem repeats (STRs) C) Protein factors that regulate gene expression D) Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)arrow_forwardYou are working in a lab studying Progeria. You design an expression vector containing a mutated form of the lamin gene that codes for a lamin protein that can no longer be phosphorylated. What do you predict would happen if you express this mutant form of lamin in a cell line? Lamin proteins would not be transported into the nucleus and would remain in the cytosol. Nuclear lamins will be unable to produce dimers, as the coiled-coil formation will be disrupted. Disassembly of the nuclear lamins will occur prematurely. Nuclear lamins will no longer disassemble properly during prometaphase. O Nuclear lamins will no longer assemble properly during telophase.arrow_forward
- What are the short DNA sequences that are near a desired gene? What combines with other proteins to form an organelle responsible for protein synthesis?arrow_forwardWhat is a possible outcome of the addition of a transcription factor such as Myod to the nucleus of a cell? Assume that there are no other factors to either activate or prevent the response of the cell. Group of answer choices A) Production of mRNA from genes that were previously not expresed B)adding methyl groups to DNA C)prevention of protein synthesis D)uncoiling of the chromatin to allow transcriptionarrow_forwardWhat is the genetic basis for the bewildering range of sizes and shapes displayed by complex multicellular organisms?arrow_forward
- What is the fundamental molecular difference that distinguishes a stem cell?arrow_forwardThe protein Tau promotes formation of axonal microtubules, stabilizes them, and drives neurite outgrowth. As demonstrated, (at least some kinds of) reversible phosphorylation of this protein can lead to it separating from the microtubules. What would be the "point" of a microtubule-associated protein that can be made to lose its ability to bind microtubules? Please answer asap and type your answer and do not copy from anywhere please ?arrow_forwardA cultured mouse cell line has a mutation in a gene encoding a ribosomal protein. The mutant protein impairs the fidelity of translation such that incorrect amino acids are incorporated at higher rates than normal during protein synthesis. It also slows the rate of mRNA translation and increases the duration of the cell cycle, i.e., the mutant cells grow and divide more slowly. Researchers noted that these cells express higher levels of chaperone proteins than normal cells. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the elevated chaperone levels.arrow_forward
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