Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3.2, Problem 1CR
Cells of Escherichia coli transport lactose via lac permease, glucose via the phosphotransferase system, and maltose via an ABC-type transporter. For each of these sugars describe: (1) the components of the transport system and (2) the source of energy that drives the transport event.
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Cells of Escherichia coli transport lactose via lac permease,glucose via the phosphotransferase system, and maltose viaan ABC-type transporter. For each of these sugars describe:(1) the components of the transport system and (2) the sourceof energy that drives the transport event.
According to the “Hawaiian Punch” principle, different compartments of the secretory and endocytic pathways are topologically equivalent to each other and to the extracellular space.
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During mitosis in mammalian cells, the nuclear envelope breaks down into vesicles. Are the topological properties of the cell altered by this event? Justify your answer.
Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3−) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms. What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 3.1 - Which four chemical elements make up the bulk of a...Ch. 3.1 - Which two classes of macromolecules contain most...Ch. 3.1 - Differentiate between trace metals and growth...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.2 - Compare and contrast simple transporters, the...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.2 - Cells of Escherichia coli transport lactose via...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 1CR
Ch. 3.4 - What is free energy?Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.4 - Using Table 3.2, calculate G0 for the reaction...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.7 - How much free energy is released when ATP is...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.8 - Which reactions in glycolysis are redox steps?Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.8 - How is ATP made in fermentation and in...Ch. 3.9 - How many molecules of CO2, NADH, and FADH2 are...Ch. 3.9 - What two major roles do the citric acid cycle and...Ch. 3.9 - Why is the glyoxylate cycle necessary for growth...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.10 - Which electron carriers described in this section...Ch. 3.10 - List some of the key electron carriers found in...Ch. 3.11 - How do electron transport reactions generate the...Ch. 3.11 - How much energy is released per NADH oxidized...Ch. 3.11 - What structure in the cell links the proton motive...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.12 - What is the major difference between aerobic...Ch. 3.13 - What form of activated glucose is used in the...Ch. 3.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.13 - What functions does the pentose phosphate pathway...Ch. 3.13 - What is the importance of the enzyme...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.14 - List the steps required for the cell to...Ch. 3.14 - Which nitrogen bases are purines and which are...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.15 - Describe the process by which a fatty acid such as...Ch. 3 - Using the data of Figure 3.10, predict the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2AQ
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- Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3 −) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms.What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?arrow_forwardWhile endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane. Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B - cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream. Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the insulin signal…arrow_forwardOuabain is a specific inhibitor of the active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and is therefore a valuable tool in studies of membrane transport mechanisms. Which of the following processes in your own body would you expect to be sensitive to inhibition by ouabain? Explain your answer in each case. a) Facilitated diffusion of glucose into a muscle cell b) Active transport of dietary phenylalanine across the intestinal mucosa c) Uptake of potassium ions by red blood cells d) Active uptake of lactose by the bacteria in your intestinearrow_forward
- Inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase might reasonably result in which of the following: a.) gradual cellular accumulation of K+ b.) gradual decrease in cytoplasmic Na+ c.) cell shrinkage d.) hyperpolarization of the membrane potential e.) reduced activity of many secondary active transportersarrow_forwardThe sodium Na+/Glucose symport moves sodium and glucose across the plasma membrane. A) Describe was is meant by a symport. Include in your answer whether a symport is an example of a channel protein or a carrier protein. B) Why does the Na+/Glucose transporter work in only one direction? C) Describe how glucose can be both actively and passively transported into an out of the same cell. Include in your description how localization of transport proteins allows for these two different types of transport to occur in the same cell.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference of transport processes for glucose in bacteria and eukaryotes? What are the pathways and enzymes involved?arrow_forward
- What is a secondary transporter? Why are they called secondary? What is [3 H]Leu? Explain both 3H and Leu.arrow_forwardD-glucose is added to cells and the rate of glucose transport is plotted against D- glucose concentration. In the presence of the D-galactose derivative 6-0-benzyl-D- galactose, the curve is shifted to the right, indicating that D-glucose and the D- galactose derivative both compete for a place in the binding site. External factors such as the addition of ATP or ion gradients doesn't change the rate of absorption into cells. Which of the following is true, select all that apply: O the enzyme is a uniport O mediated transport is occurring O non-mediated transport occurring O passive transport is occurring O active transport is occurringarrow_forwardGlucose transport across cell membranes varies depending upon blood glucose levels. When glucose levels are high, glucose transport is accomplished via membrane transporters. When glucose concentrations are low, the transport of glucose across the membrane is dependent upon the sodium ion concentration. What types of transport is observed for glucose? A)simple diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] B)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] C)simple diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose] D)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose]arrow_forward
- Is the movement of sodium through SGlut-1 during co-transport simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, or secondary active transport? And is the movement of glucose through SGlut-1 during co-transport simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, or secondary active transport?arrow_forwardWrite two examples of glycosaminoglycans, and explain the roles that are not dependent on anchorage in the plasma membrane.arrow_forwardDigoxin, a toxin derived from the foxglove (shown), can be used to treat heart disorders such as atrial fibrillation. Digoxin's mechanism of action is to inhibit the Na+/K+ ATPase. Which of the following is the most likely side effect of Digoxin treatment? O Failure to transport glucose into cells while fasting (not eating) O Failure to transport Ht into lysosomes using direct active transport O Failure to transport glucose into cells after a meal O Failure to secrete pancreatic digestive enzymes in response to eatingarrow_forward
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