Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 3.14, Problem 1CR
Summary Introduction
Amino acids play a major role in biological processes of all organisms and it acts as building blocks. The organisms obtain amino acids from environment by biosynthesis of glucose or other carbon sources. There are twenty essential amino acids identified so far. An amino acid family is group that is structurally related to each other. The amino acids in the amino acid family have common biosynthetic pathways.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Yeast cells are eukaryotes, and they require a functional secretory pathway to grow
and to maintain cellular organization. But surprisingly, when SRP is removed from
yeast cells by deleting the relevant genes, the cells are still alive (although they grow
slowly).
a) How can yeast survive without SRP? Propose two alternative hypotheses.
b) How might electron microscopy of normal and SRP-deficient yeast cells help you
to distinguish between these two hypotheses?
Which step is catalyzed by the enzyme responsible for the Met 2 mutant? (picture attached)
A) homoserine → cysteine
B) cysteine → cystathionine
C) cystathionine → homocysteine
D) homocysteine → methionine
E) methionine → homoserine
Which of the following about adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is FALSE?
A)
There are two phosphoanhydride bonds with similar energies
B)
ATP can be used as a substrate to make cyclic AMP (cAMP) after a cell has been stimulated with certain specific hormones
C)
The γ-phosphate can be transferred (e.g. to chemical group on a protein enzyme) such as the Na+-K+ pump, which is part of a coupling mechanism that allows otherwise unfavourable reactions to proceed
No possible answer provided
E)
The large, negative, free-energy change upon hydrolysis of “high-energy” compounds like ATP is partly due to the creation of resonance stabilized products
Chapter 3 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 3.1 - Which four chemical elements make up the bulk of a...Ch. 3.1 - Which two classes of macromolecules contain most...Ch. 3.1 - Differentiate between trace metals and growth...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.2 - Compare and contrast simple transporters, the...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.2 - Cells of Escherichia coli transport lactose via...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 1CR
Ch. 3.4 - What is free energy?Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.4 - Using Table 3.2, calculate G0 for the reaction...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.7 - How much free energy is released when ATP is...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.8 - Which reactions in glycolysis are redox steps?Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.8 - How is ATP made in fermentation and in...Ch. 3.9 - How many molecules of CO2, NADH, and FADH2 are...Ch. 3.9 - What two major roles do the citric acid cycle and...Ch. 3.9 - Why is the glyoxylate cycle necessary for growth...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.10 - Which electron carriers described in this section...Ch. 3.10 - List some of the key electron carriers found in...Ch. 3.11 - How do electron transport reactions generate the...Ch. 3.11 - How much energy is released per NADH oxidized...Ch. 3.11 - What structure in the cell links the proton motive...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.12 - What is the major difference between aerobic...Ch. 3.13 - What form of activated glucose is used in the...Ch. 3.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.13 - What functions does the pentose phosphate pathway...Ch. 3.13 - What is the importance of the enzyme...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.14 - List the steps required for the cell to...Ch. 3.14 - Which nitrogen bases are purines and which are...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.15 - Describe the process by which a fatty acid such as...Ch. 3 - Using the data of Figure 3.10, predict the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2AQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- a) At what pH will you try to bind lysozyme to a cation exchanger? b) Is it possible to perform this binding even at a different pH than the one you mentioned in section a? Explain your answer. c) Is it possible to bind lysozyme to an anion exchanger as well? If so, at what pH?arrow_forward19. What statement is correct regarding the synthesis of actin monomers? a) They would be synthesized on free ribosomes, with a mitochondrial localization sequence that would be recognized by a receptor on the mitochondrial membrane. b) They would be synthesized on free ribosomes, with a nuclear localization sequence that would facilitate its passage through a nuclear pore. c) They would be synthesized on free ribosomes, with no signal sequence. d) They would have a signal sequence on its N terminus that would be recognized by a signal recognition particle (SRP) in the cytoplasm that would dock it on the endoplasmic reticulum. e) They would be synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, processed in the Golgi and sent to the nucleus in appropriated tagged vesicles.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of rusticyanin and where is it found in the cell?arrow_forward
- Penicillin is an irreversible inhibitor of the transpeptidases, enzymes that cross-link components of the bacterial cell wall. The cell wall is thus fragile and the bacteria die. Penicillin and its derivatives are structural analogs of the natural substrates of these enzymes. Why doesn't penicillin normally kill humans, unless a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) develops? How does penicillin inhibit transpeptidase?arrow_forwardExplain a mechanism for how a nuclear-encoded protein is targeted to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Explain the mechanism for how a nuclear-encoded protein is targeted to the thylakoid membrane. Describe an experiment that could be conducted to show that there is a targeting system for a nuclear encoded protein that ultimately finds its way to a specific organelle.arrow_forwardThe pathway for cystiene synthesis in E.coli involves five precursor compounds, compound A-E. The requirements for each of the autotrophs are summarized in the table below. Use the data, define the biosynthetic pathway. Draw the pathway for cysteine synthesis. Fill in the blanks with A-E compounds as appropriate and then label the arrows with the auxotrophs C1-C8 that are unable to complete that step. There are may be more than one quxotroph that is defective at a particular step. that is - on C4 in Darrow_forward
- The metabolic amino acid ornithine is a direct precursor of the polyamine putrescine, shown here. + HẠN–CH,CH,CH,CH, NH, + Subsequent reactions convert putrescine to spermine and spermidine. transamination Putrescine What type of reaction is required to convert ornithine to putrescine? O dehydration O methylation O decarboxylation What enzymatic cofactor is needed to convert ornithine to putrescine? O S-adenosylmethionine FeMo O tetrahydrofolate O pyridoxal phosphatearrow_forwardFamilial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic condition characterized by an absence of functional LDL receptors on the surface of cells. Patients who are homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia usually die of coronary artery disease in childhood. Which of the following disorders could mimic the symptoms of familial hypercholesterolemia? (A) LDL receptor endocytosis machinery is non-functional (B) lack of ATP allosteric site on AMPK(C) Golgi proteases that cleave SREBP are not synthesized (D) mutation in the HMG CoA reductase SRE sequence. (E) inability to secrete VLDL from the liverarrow_forwardWhere do the following reactions take place in the cell? CHOICES : Mitochondria, Cytosol, Nucleus, All choices Condensation of citrulline and aspartate Cleavage of argininosuccinate Condensation of ammonia, carbon dioxide and ATP Hydrolysis of arginine Transfer of carbamoyl group What by-product/s are generated from these reactions. CHOICES : argininosuccinate, carbamoyl phosphate,arginine ,citrulline, urea, fumarate Condensation of citrulline and aspartate Cleavage of argininosuccinate Condensation of ammonia, carbon dioxide and ATP Hydrolysis of arginine Transfer of carbamoyl grouparrow_forward
- Influenza viruses are surrounded by a membrane that contains a fusion protein, which is activated by acidic pH. Upon activation, the protein causes the viral membrane to fuse with cell membranes. An old folk remedy against flu recommends that one should spend a night in a horse’s stable. Odd as it may sound, there is a rational explanation for this advice. Air in stables contains ammonia (NH3) generated by bacteria in the horse’s urine. Sketch a diagram showing the pathway (in detail) by which flu virus enters cells, and speculate how NH3 may protect cells from virus infection.arrow_forwardWhich organelle in the body does treacher collins syndrome affects? And how does it affected, causes problem?arrow_forwardIdentify the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, explain what is wrong with that statement a) Transition state analogs bind very tightly with the enzyme active site as they form covalent bonds with the active site b) Receptor desensitization happens upon prolonged exposure of receptors to both agonists and antagonists c) Dactinomycin and Doxorubicin are examples of drugs that bind with the major groove of DNA d) Mitomycin C forms interstrand crosslinking while cisplatin forms intrastrand crosslinking of DNAarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education