Ouabain is a specific inhibitor of the active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and is therefore a valuable tool in studies of membrane transport mechanisms. Which of the following processes in your own body would you expect to be sensitive to inhibition by ouabain? Explain your answer in each case. a) Facilitated diffusion of glucose into a muscle cell b) Active transport of dietary phenylalanine across the intestinal mucosa c) Uptake of potassium ions by red blood cells d) Active uptake of lactose by the bacteria in your intestine

Ouabain is a specific inhibitor of the active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and is therefore a valuable tool in studies of membrane transport mechanisms. Which of the following processes in your own body would you expect to be sensitive to inhibition by ouabain? Explain your answer in each case. a) Facilitated diffusion of glucose into a muscle cell b) Active transport of dietary phenylalanine across the intestinal mucosa c) Uptake of potassium ions by red blood cells d) Active uptake of lactose by the bacteria in your intestine

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7UC: Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane...

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Inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase might reasonably result in which of the following: a.) gradual cellular accumulation of K+ b.) gradual decrease in cytoplasmic Na+ c.) cell shrinkage d.) hyperpolarization of the membrane potential e.) reduced activity of many secondary active transporters
Identify the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, explain what is wrong with that statement a) Transition state analogs bind very tightly with the enzyme active site as they form covalent bonds with the active site b) Receptor desensitization happens upon prolonged exposure of receptors to both agonists and antagonists c) Dactinomycin and Doxorubicin are examples of drugs that bind with the major groove of DNA d) Mitomycin C forms interstrand crosslinking while cisplatin forms intrastrand crosslinking of DNA
Our current experimental procedure works because Con A adheres strongly to the nitrocellulose membrane while HRP hardly binds to the membrane at all. If HRP binds as strongly to the membrane as Con A does, our current scheme will not work. Assuming that's the case (HRP strongly binds to the membrane non-specifically, regardless of the presence of ConA), you will need to treat the membrane with an additional solution before treating it with HRP. What solution would that be? O Saturated NaCI solution. O Concentrated HCI. A membrane-binding protein. Concentrated glucose slution.
Glucose transport across cell membranes varies depending upon blood glucose levels. When glucose levels are high, glucose transport is accomplished via membrane transporters. When glucose concentrations are low, the transport of glucose across the membrane is dependent upon the sodium ion concentration. What types of transport is observed for glucose? A)simple diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] B)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] C)simple diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose] D)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose]
A 65-year-old man with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery disease comes to the emergency department because of a 12-hour history of chest pain. Plasma activity of the MB isozyme of creatine kinase (MB-CK) is markedly increased. Which of the following processes is the most likely explanation for the increased plasma MB-CK? (A) Cell membrane damage (B) Endoplasmic reticulum dilation (C) Mitochondrial swelling (D) Polysome dissociation (E) Sodium pump dysfunction
The K+ channel is an example of a transmembrane protein (a protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane). What types of amino acids are likely to be found (a) lining the channel through which K+ passes, (b) in contact with the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer con- taining fatty acyl groups, (c) in the cytosolic domain of the protein, and (d) in the extracellular domain of the protein?
Distinguish between simple diffusion (SD), facilitated diffusion (FD), and active transport (AT) across a membrane for the following questions. (a) Which processes are energy dependent? (b) Which processes need some kind of carrier protein(s)? (c) Which processes can be saturated by substrate? (d) Which processes can establish a concentration gradient? (e) How much energy does it take to transport an uncharged substrate in, if its starting inside concentration is 10-fold greater than outside?
The sodium Na+/Glucose symport moves sodium and glucose across the plasma membrane. A) Describe was is meant by a symport. Include in your answer whether a symport is an example of a channel protein or a carrier protein. B) Why does the Na+/Glucose transporter work in only one direction? C) Describe how glucose can be both actively and passively transported into an out of the same cell. Include in your description how localization of transport proteins allows for these two different types of transport to occur in the same cell.
Typically, there is an ion gradient between the cytoplasm and the interior of synaptic vesicles. The ion gradient has a functional role. Which of the following statements best describes the ion gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane and its role? a.) There is a proton gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter into the vesicle. b.) There is a sodium gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter into the vesicle. c.) There is a proton gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter out of the vesicle. d.) There is a sodium gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter out of the vesicle.
Which statement is TRUE regarding the Na+ voltage-gated channel in neurons? A) Similar to the potassium ion channel, it exists as a tetramer in the membrane. B) Aspartate residues are part of the voltage-sensing helices. C) Positive membrane potentials on the extracellular side will close the channel. D) Ion specificity comes from the voltage-sensing helices.
Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3−) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms. What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?
Digoxin, a toxin derived from the foxglove (shown), can be used to treat heart disorders such as atrial fibrillation. Digoxin's mechanism of action is to inhibit the Na+/K+ ATPase. Which of the following is the most likely side effect of Digoxin treatment? O Failure to transport glucose into cells while fasting (not eating) O Failure to transport Ht into lysosomes using direct active transport O Failure to transport glucose into cells after a meal O Failure to secrete pancreatic digestive enzymes in response to eating