Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 5AYKB
The drug methotrexate is used to treat several different types of cancer and diseases of the immune system. It works by inhibiting an enzyme in the cell necessary for folic acid synthesis. Without folic acid, the cell cannot make
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1.
Shown below is a metabolic pathway:
Es
E
E4
E1
E2
A - B - C - D
E3
E6
Q- R – S
E7
Es
Suppose we have too much of "S" in the cell, please answer the following questions, with regards to feedback
inhibition:
a)
Which enzyme is most likely to be regulated?
b)
Which substance will act as the 'regulator'?
c)
Name the "site" where this 'regulator' will bind to the enzyme:
d)
Is this substance (from #b), a homotropic or heterotropic modulator?
Most hormones, such as peptide hormones, exert their effects by binding to cell- surface receptors. However, steroid hormones do so by binding to cytosolic receptors. How is this possible?
A certain molecule will not dissolve in water and has a structure consisting of glycerol covalently bound
to three fatty acid tails.
What is the function of this molecule?
A:Genetic information storage
B:Cell communication
C:Catalysis of chemical reactions
D:Energy storage
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 3.1 - What general processes are carried out by cells?Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 3.1 - Where are intracellular and extracellular fluids...Ch. 3.2 - 1. How do phospholipids arrange themselves in the...Ch. 3.2 - 2. How is the plasma membrane described according...Ch. 3.2 - 3. What are five functions of membrane proteins?
Ch. 3.2 - What roles do cholesterol, glycoproteins, and...Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...
Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - How does the process of primary active transport...Ch. 3.3 - What is the main primary active transport pump in...Ch. 3.3 - 7. How does the process of secondary active...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 8QCCh. 3.3 - Explain the basic process of exocytosis.Ch. 3.4 - 1. Identify the properties listed in the next...Ch. 3.4 - Identify the following properties as belonging to...Ch. 3.4 - To what destinations can products from the Golgi...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 3.6 - 1. What are the main components of the nucleus?...Ch. 3.6 - What is chromatin? How are chromatin and...Ch. 3.6 - 3. What is a nucleolus, and what is its...Ch. 3.7 - How is a codon related to a triplet?Ch. 3.7 - 2. Describe the basic steps of transcription.
Ch. 3.7 - Explain how tRNA acts as the translator of the...Ch. 3.7 - Describe the basic steps of translation.Ch. 3.7 - 5. Why is posttranslational modification...Ch. 3.7 - 6. Why is it important to regulate gene...Ch. 3.8 - What happens during each stage of the cell cycle?Ch. 3.8 - What does semiconservative replication mean?Ch. 3.8 - Describe the changes in the cell that take place...Ch. 3.8 - What are four external factors that play a role in...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a basic function...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2CYRCh. 3 - What are the two fluid compartments in the body,...Ch. 3 - 4. Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 3 - Mark the following statements about the plasma...Ch. 3 - 6. What is the primary difference between active...Ch. 3 - 7. Match the term with its appropriate...Ch. 3 - 8. Fill in the blanks: A hypotonic solution will...Ch. 3 - 9. Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 3 - Mark the following statements about the...Ch. 3 - 12. Our somatic cells’ DNA is distributed among...Ch. 3 - Explain how and why chromatin is condensed in the...Ch. 3 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements about protein...Ch. 3 - Number the following steps of protein synthesis in...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?...Ch. 3 - 18. Why is regulation of the cell cycle...Ch. 3 - 19. Mark the following statements about the cell...Ch. 3 - 20. Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 3 - 1. Write a single sentence, using no more than 25...Ch. 3 - 2. Certain diseases are transmitted via...Ch. 3 - 3. Explain how the form of each of the following...Ch. 3 - Certain types of cancerous lung tumors can secrete...Ch. 3 - Why do you think the rate of cell division is...Ch. 3 - 1. A patient is admitted to the hospital and...Ch. 3 - A popular science fiction program once had an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 3 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 3 - The drug methotrexate is used to treat several...
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- Many naturally occurring poisons function by inhibiting a cell’s enzymes. Why might this effect be lethal to the cell?arrow_forwardA segment of cell's collection of biochemical pathways is shown below. P is a product of one series of these reactions. It is also a regulatory molecule. Look at the pathway below and indicate the position(s) at which M is most likely to act as a feedback inhibitor when its concentration gets too high. 1 2 3 4 5 A----->B -----> C----->E----->J------>M----->P----->X----->Zarrow_forwardAll of the following are mechanisms for regulating enzyme activity in the cell, except: a. Rate of enzyme synthesis (at the gene level) b. Changes in temperature C. Covalent modification (like phosphorylation) d. Allosteric feedback inhibitionarrow_forward
- Glycophorins are a type of membrane protein found on red blood cells. They allow red blood cells to circulate through the blood vessels without sticking to the walls of the blood vessels or to other cells. Describe how a glycophorin protein would be synthesized by the cell. Include What parts of the cell are involved and what happens at each location. The process of protein synthesis (i.e. transcription, translation, etc).arrow_forwardWhat are the enzymatic activities of the sodium-potassium ATPase (pump)? binds to and hydrolyzes ATP; binds to 3 Na+ in cytoplasm and releases outside cell; binds to 2 K+ outside cell and releases into cytoplasm binds to and hydrolyzes GTP; binds to 3 Na+ in cytoplasm and releases into nucleus; binds to 2 K+ inside cell and releases into lysosome binds to and hydrolyzes 3 ATP; binds to 1 Na+ in cytoplasm and releases outside cell; binds to 1 K+ outside cell and releases into cytoplasm binds to and hydrolyzes ATP; binds to 2 Na+ in cytoplasm and releases outside cell; binds to 3 K+ outside cell and releases into cytoplasmarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is/are correct?a) Enzyme quantities depend on the rate of their synthesis and degradationb) Enzyme quantity is decreased if an amino-acid involved in the catalytic activity is modifiedc) Protein kinase A activity is regulated through protein interaction.d) Kinases control the activity of other enzymes by covalent modification; irreversiblephosphorylation explain each of the following optionarrow_forward
- A group of young researchers was working on a biochemical pathway. At that time, they produced an enzyme having altered active site. Do you think, the activity of the new enzyme would differ from the original one? Why? On a different reaction they found, an enzyme works best at a temperature near about 30 degree Celsius. At 60 degree Celsius, the enzyme becomes inactivated. Briefly explain, why that enzyme is not working at elevated temperature?arrow_forwardWhat might happen to a cell if there are no steroids in its membrane?arrow_forwardWhat might occur in a cell lacking steroids in its membrane?arrow_forward
- The normal enzyme required for converting sugars into glucose is present in cells, but the conversion never takes place and no glucose is produced. What could have occurred to cause this defect in a metabolic pathway?arrow_forwardwhen enzymes are placed into not optimal conditions. the enzymes’s active site shape is altered and the enzyme loses its function. when this occurs, the enzyme is said to have: denatured decarboxylated dephosphorylated desensitized depolarized -in the “DNA extraction from fruit” laboratory, what solution disrupted the cell and nuclear membrane? methyl orange hydrogen peroxide tap water detergent and a salt-based lysis solution ice-cold ethanol. -which of the following parts of the spectrophotometer covents light energy into electrical energy. photometric energy light energy monochromator phototube sample holderarrow_forwardRegarding the sodium potassium pump, I am confused which enzymes are involved in the addition of the phosphate group onto the protein to change the conformation. Is it only kinases or kinases AND ATPases? I was under the impression that kinases add organic phosphates onto molecules, while ATPases cleave ATP into ADP and a phosphate group. Would ATPase need to split the ATP molecule before the kinase can transfer the phosphate group onto the sodium potassium pump?arrow_forward
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