Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 2AYKA
A popular science fiction program once had an episode that featured an “intron virus” that “turned on” the introns in the genes, causing the synthesis of abnormal proteins. The episode may have been entertaining, but its premise had a large flaw about the nature of introns. What was the flaw?
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Which of the following is a reason why codons are NOT composed of only two nucleotides?Question 22 options:
A)
It happened by random chance.
B)
The ribosome is composed of more than 2 subunits.
C)
The size of tRNAs requires that more than two nucleotides be present in a codon.
D)
There are 20 amino acids that need to be coded for.
Which of the following is an example of the degeneracy of the genetic code?Group of answer choices
a) each codon specifies more than one amino acid
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which statement about genetic code is not true?
A) mRNA is read 3 bases at a time, which are called codons. B) There is one initiator codon that codes for an amino acid. C) Each amino acid is coded for by only one codon. D) There are 3 termination codons that do not code for amino acids. E) Each codon is specific for only one amino acid.
An anion has an equilibrium potential of -40 mV. What direction are the chemical and electrical forces acting on the anion at the resting membrane potential (-70 mV)?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 3.1 - What general processes are carried out by cells?Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 3.1 - Where are intracellular and extracellular fluids...Ch. 3.2 - 1. How do phospholipids arrange themselves in the...Ch. 3.2 - 2. How is the plasma membrane described according...Ch. 3.2 - 3. What are five functions of membrane proteins?
Ch. 3.2 - What roles do cholesterol, glycoproteins, and...Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...
Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - How does the process of primary active transport...Ch. 3.3 - What is the main primary active transport pump in...Ch. 3.3 - 7. How does the process of secondary active...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 8QCCh. 3.3 - Explain the basic process of exocytosis.Ch. 3.4 - 1. Identify the properties listed in the next...Ch. 3.4 - Identify the following properties as belonging to...Ch. 3.4 - To what destinations can products from the Golgi...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 3.6 - 1. What are the main components of the nucleus?...Ch. 3.6 - What is chromatin? How are chromatin and...Ch. 3.6 - 3. What is a nucleolus, and what is its...Ch. 3.7 - How is a codon related to a triplet?Ch. 3.7 - 2. Describe the basic steps of transcription.
Ch. 3.7 - Explain how tRNA acts as the translator of the...Ch. 3.7 - Describe the basic steps of translation.Ch. 3.7 - 5. Why is posttranslational modification...Ch. 3.7 - 6. Why is it important to regulate gene...Ch. 3.8 - What happens during each stage of the cell cycle?Ch. 3.8 - What does semiconservative replication mean?Ch. 3.8 - Describe the changes in the cell that take place...Ch. 3.8 - What are four external factors that play a role in...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a basic function...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2CYRCh. 3 - What are the two fluid compartments in the body,...Ch. 3 - 4. Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 3 - Mark the following statements about the plasma...Ch. 3 - 6. What is the primary difference between active...Ch. 3 - 7. Match the term with its appropriate...Ch. 3 - 8. Fill in the blanks: A hypotonic solution will...Ch. 3 - 9. Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 3 - Mark the following statements about the...Ch. 3 - 12. Our somatic cells’ DNA is distributed among...Ch. 3 - Explain how and why chromatin is condensed in the...Ch. 3 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements about protein...Ch. 3 - Number the following steps of protein synthesis in...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?...Ch. 3 - 18. Why is regulation of the cell cycle...Ch. 3 - 19. Mark the following statements about the cell...Ch. 3 - 20. Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 3 - 1. Write a single sentence, using no more than 25...Ch. 3 - 2. Certain diseases are transmitted via...Ch. 3 - 3. Explain how the form of each of the following...Ch. 3 - Certain types of cancerous lung tumors can secrete...Ch. 3 - Why do you think the rate of cell division is...Ch. 3 - 1. A patient is admitted to the hospital and...Ch. 3 - A popular science fiction program once had an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 3 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 3 - The drug methotrexate is used to treat several...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following is NOT true regarding the genetic code and translation? a) An mRNA is typically translated in only 1 reading frame. b) There are 64 different codons. c) Multiple amino acids may be coded for by a single codon. d) mRNA sequence is the reverse complement of the template strand of DNA.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes a stop codon? A) They are codons that indicate termination of protein synthesis. B) They are codons that are extra in the genetic code and are not used. C) They are codons that indicate when to create new peptide bonds. D) They are codons that signal when the RNA strand is done being read. E) They are codons that indicate when to begin folding the polypeptide.arrow_forwardThe biological process shown in Figure 1 occurs in a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus. a) What is the DNA base sequence of Codon 1? b) What is the anticodon sequence for Codon 1? c) Name the enzyme involved in the production of Y.arrow_forward
- Which statement is false: A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the length and amino acid sequence of its peptide B) After the rpocess of transcription is complete, the mRNA that is produced will continue being tranlsated by ribosomes for the rest of the cells life. mRNA never breaks down C) A ribosome will bind to an mRNA and will translate the sequence by reading one codon at a time and adding one amino acid to the peptide chain. It will stop the translation once it encounters a stop codon D) The gene for a protein provides the information on the legth of the peptide, along w the amino acid sequence so the protein can be synthesized by a ribosome E) Once mRNA has left the nucleus, ribosomes will bind to it and will follow the instructions in its sequence to make the new protienarrow_forwardAfter RNA polymerase binds to DNA, it begins making mRNA. What is the name of this process?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of a transcription factor? A) gene B) a repressor C) a ribosome D) an intronarrow_forward
- Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forwardWhen the ribosome "reads" the codon UAG, UGA or UAA... A) the polypeptide is released from ribosome but ribosome continues reading the mRNA B) the proper tRNA enters the ribosome C) translation begins D) polypeptide is released from the ribosome and translation endsarrow_forwardOccurring in the nucleus ribosome mitochondrion , translation transcription is the process of making an RNA copy from a DNA template. The molecule then enters the cytoplasm. The process in which the mRNA sequence is converted into a sequence of amino acids is called translation transcription . In the cytoplasm, the nucleus ribosome mitochondrion reads the amino acid sequence and assembles the protein.arrow_forward
- introns: A)are parts of the new strand replaced with DNA nucleotides during replication B)Are joined together with other introns to make the mature mRNA C)are found in prokaryotic cells D)are binding sites for repressors; therefore introns are involved in controlling gene expression E)do not contain codons or information about proteins; they are removed from the mRNA during splicing/editing of mRNAarrow_forwardThe largest class of introns which are found in nuclear mRNA primary transcript isa) Spliceosomal intronsb) Group I intronsc) Group II intronsd) Group IV intronsarrow_forwardFor translation of eukaryotic mRNA sequences: a) The stop codon stops translation by blocking the ribosome. b) The tRNA is the same thing as the amino acid. c) There are two binding pockets within the ribosome where different tRNAs will bind to the mRNA. d) The first codon that is recognized by the ribosome is UAG e) The ribosome can bind to the mRNA in any location.arrow_forward
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