Principles of Modern Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079113
Author: David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 38P
The percent ionic character of the bonds in several interhalogen Molecules (as estimated from their measured dipole moments and bond lengths) are ClF (11%), BrF(15%), BrCl (5.6%), ICl(5.8%), and IBr (10%). Estimate the percent ionic characters for each of these molecules, using the equation in Problem 37, and compare them with the given values.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Ch. 3 - Before the element scandium was discovered in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2PCh. 3 - Prob. 3PCh. 3 - Prob. 4PCh. 3 - Prob. 5PCh. 3 - A gold nucleus is located at the origin of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7PCh. 3 - A gold nucleus is located at the origin of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9PCh. 3 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 3 - Use the data in Table 3.1 to plot the logarithm of...Ch. 3 - Use the data in Table 3.1 to plot the logarithm of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 13PCh. 3 - Prob. 14PCh. 3 - Prob. 15PCh. 3 - Prob. 16PCh. 3 - Prob. 17PCh. 3 - Prob. 18PCh. 3 - HF has equilibrium bond length of 0.926 A and bond...Ch. 3 - Prob. 20PCh. 3 - For each of the following atoms or ions, state the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 22PCh. 3 - Use the data in Figure 3.11 and Table 3.2 to...Ch. 3 - Use the data in Figure 3.11 and Table 3.2 to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 25PCh. 3 - In a gaseous RbF molecule, the bond length is...Ch. 3 - The bond lengths of the XH bonds in NH3,PH3 , and...Ch. 3 - Arrange the following covalent diatomic molecules...Ch. 3 - The bond length in HI(1.62) is close to the sum of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 30PCh. 3 - Use electronegativity values to arrange the...Ch. 3 - Use electronegativity values to rank the bonds in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33PCh. 3 - Prob. 34PCh. 3 - Prob. 35PCh. 3 - Estimate the percent ionic character of the bond...Ch. 3 - The percent ionic character of a bond can be...Ch. 3 - The percent ionic character of the bonds in...Ch. 3 - Assign formal charges to all atoms in the...Ch. 3 - Assign formal charges to all atoms in the...Ch. 3 - Determine the formal charges on all the atoms in...Ch. 3 - the formal charges on all the atoms in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 43PCh. 3 - In each of the following Lewis diagrams, Z...Ch. 3 - Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 46PCh. 3 - Prob. 47PCh. 3 - Acetic acid is the active ingredient of vinegar....Ch. 3 - Under certain conditions, the stable form of...Ch. 3 - White phosphorus (P4) consists of four phosphorus...Ch. 3 - Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for the following...Ch. 3 - Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for the following...Ch. 3 - Draw Lewis diagrams for the two resonance forms of...Ch. 3 - Draw Lewis diagrams for the three resonance forms...Ch. 3 - Methyl isocyanate, which was involved in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 56PCh. 3 - Draw Lewis diagrams for the following compounds....Ch. 3 - Draw Lewis diagrams for the following ions. In the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 59PCh. 3 - Prob. 60PCh. 3 - For each of the following molecules or molecular...Ch. 3 - For each of the following molecules or molecular...Ch. 3 - Give an example of a molecule or ion having a...Ch. 3 - Give an example of a molecule or ion having a...Ch. 3 - For each of the answers in Problem 59, state...Ch. 3 - For each of the answers in Problem 60, state...Ch. 3 - Prob. 67PCh. 3 - Mixing SbCl3 and GaCl3 in a 1:1 molar ratio (using...Ch. 3 - (a) Use the VSEPR theory to predict the structure...Ch. 3 - Ozone (O3) has a nonzero dipole moment. In the...Ch. 3 - Assign oxidation numbers to the atoms in each of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 72PCh. 3 - Prob. 73PCh. 3 - Prob. 74PCh. 3 - Prob. 75PCh. 3 - Prob. 76PCh. 3 - Prob. 77PCh. 3 - Prob. 78PCh. 3 - Prob. 79PCh. 3 - Prob. 80PCh. 3 - Prob. 81PCh. 3 - Prob. 82PCh. 3 - Prob. 83PCh. 3 - Prob. 84PCh. 3 - Prob. 85APCh. 3 - Prob. 86APCh. 3 - At large interatomic separations, an alkali halide...Ch. 3 - Prob. 88APCh. 3 - Prob. 89APCh. 3 - Two possible Lewis diagrams for sulfine (H2CSO)...Ch. 3 - There is persuasive evidence for the brief...Ch. 3 - The compound SF3N has been synthesized. (a) Draw...Ch. 3 - Prob. 93APCh. 3 - The molecular ion S3N3 has the cyclic structure ...Ch. 3 - Prob. 95APCh. 3 - Prob. 96APCh. 3 - Prob. 97APCh. 3 - Prob. 98APCh. 3 - A stable triatomic molecule can be formed that...Ch. 3 - The gaseous potassium chloride molecule has a...Ch. 3 - (a) Predict the geometry of the SbCl52 ion, using...Ch. 3 - Prob. 102APCh. 3 - Predict the arrangement of the atoms about the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 104APCh. 3 - Prob. 105APCh. 3 - Prob. 106APCh. 3 - Prob. 107APCh. 3 - Prob. 108APCh. 3 - (a) Determine the oxidation number of lead in each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 110APCh. 3 - Prob. 111CPCh. 3 - Prob. 112CPCh. 3 - A compound is being tested for use as a rocket...Ch. 3 - Prob. 114CP
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- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardGive two requirements that should be satisfied for a molecule to be polar. Explain why CF4 and XeF4 are nonpolar compounds (have no net dipole moments) while SF4 is polar (has a net dipole moment). Is CO2 polar? What about COS? Explain.arrow_forwardEthanol can be made by the reaction of ethylene and water: H2C=CH2(g) + H2O(g) CH3CH2OH(g) Use bond dissociation enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change in this reaction. Compare the value obtained to the value calculated from enthalpies of formation.arrow_forward
- Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, calculate the bond energy of the carbon-sulfur double bond in CS2.arrow_forwardList some properties associated with biomaterials used for joint replacements.arrow_forwardExplain the terms resonance and delocalized electrons. When a substance exhibits resonance, we say that none of the individual Lewis structures accurately portrays the bonding in the substance. Why do we draw resonance structures?arrow_forward
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