Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The
Concept introduction: Functional groups are specific substituents present in the molecule that is responsible for the characteristic
(b)
Interpretation: The site at which pantothenic acid can form hydrogen bond to water molecule is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Hydrogen bonding is the strongest intermolecular forces present between the substances. A hydrogen atom participates in hydrogen bonding if it is bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen.
(c)
Interpretation: The solubility of pantothenic acid in water is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The general rule of solubility is like dissolves like, in other words, polar compounds dissolve in polar solvents, and non-polar compounds dissolve in non-polar solvents.
The polar solvent such as water has partial
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Organic Chemistry
- Sphingomyelins, a group of lipids that resemble the membrane phospholipids discussed in Section 3.7, are a major component of the myelin sheath, the insulating layer that surrounds a nerve fiber. (A) What functional groups are present in sphingomyelin X? (B) Classify any alcohol, amine, and amide as 1, 2, or 3. (C) Label the polar head and non polar tails of X.arrow_forward(a) Draw the structures for the eight constitutional isomers of molecular formula C 4H 11N. (b) Give the systematic name for each amine. (c) Identify the chirality center present in one of the amines.arrow_forwardDraw a structural formula for each carboxylic acid. (a) 4-Nitrophenylacetic acid (b) 4-Aminobutanoic acid (c) 4-Phenylbutanoic acid (d) cis-3-Hexenedioic acidarrow_forward
- Draw the structure of a compound of molecular formula C 9H 11NO that contains a benzene ring and a: (a) 1 ° amide; (b) 2 ° amide; (c) 3 ° amide.arrow_forwardLabel the three most acidic hydrogen atoms in lactic acid, CH3CH(OH)CO2H, and rank them in order of decreasing acidity. Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE (a) There are three amines with the molecular formula C3H9N. (b) Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters all contain a carbonyl group. (c) A compound with the molecular formula of C3H6O may be either an aldehyde, a ketone, or a carboxylic acid. (d) Bond angles about the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and an ester are all approximately 109.5°. (e) The molecular formula of the smallest aldehyde is C3H6O, and that of the smallest ketone is also C3H6O. (f) The molecular formula of the smallest carboxylic acid is C2H4O2.arrow_forward
- Draw the structural formulas of the following compounds:(a) 2,3-Dimethylpentanal(b) 1,3-Dibromopropanone(c) 4-hydroxy-4-methylhexan-2-onearrow_forwardIn each of the following reactions, two possible organic products can be formed. Draw both organic products in each case and then circle the one formed in greatest quantity in each case. HC (a) 1) NaH, 2) acid (b) CH,CH,OH (c) CH,CH,OH NH2 (d) Oarrow_forwardExplain the reasons for the following observed properties: (a) Carboxylic acids have higher boiling point than alcohols of similar molecular mass (b) Acetone is soluble in waterarrow_forward
- Bile salts are derivative of cholestrol. However, the solubilities of these compounds in water are drastically different; cholestrol is highly hydrophobic, and the bile salts are soluble in digestive juices. Explain the differences.arrow_forwardwhy n-hexanol has higher boiling point than n-hexane. why acetic acid is more acidic then butanoic acid. why sugar is soluble in water in terms of their molecular interactions.arrow_forwardIdentify which of the statements is/are correct. (i) The molecular formula of the smallest aldehyde is C3H6O, and that of the smallest ketone is also C3H6O. (j) The molecular formula of the smallest carboxylic acid is C2H4O2.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning