Crop damage due to frost is one of the many risks confronting farmers. The figure below shows a simple alarm circuit designed to warn of frost. The alarm circuit uses a device called a thermistor to sound a buzzer when the temperature drops below freezing. Thermistors are semiconductor devices that exhibit a temperature dependent resistance described by the equation
where R is the resistance, in Ω, at the temperature T, in °K, and R0 is the resistance, in Ω, at the temperature T0, in °K. β is a constant that depends on the material used to make the thermistor.
The circuit is designed so that the alarm will sound when
The thermistor used in the alarm circuit has R0 = 33,192 Ω at T0 = 40 °c, and β = 3,310 °K. (Notice that β has units of °K. The temperature in °K is obtained by adding 273° to the temperature in °C.) The resistors R2, R3, and R4 have a resistance of 156.3 kΩ = 156,300 Ω.
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