Concept explainers
Concept introduction: Hydrogenation is a process in food industry, where vegetable oils containing unsaturated fatty acids are added with additional hydrogen atoms, which result in trans bonds. The trans-containing unsaturated fatty acids can be packed together in the lipid bilayer.
To explain: Whether the physical properties of the hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated oils differ.
To explain: The way in which the differences between the fully and partially hydrogenated oils occur.
Concept introduction: Hydrogenation is a process in food industry, where vegetable oils containing unsaturated fatty acids are added with additional hydrogen atoms, which result in trans bonds. The trans-containing unsaturated fatty acids can be packed together in the lipid bilayer.
To explain: Whether fully hydrogenated vegetable oil is more or less healthy to eat or it has no effect
Concept introduction: Hydrogenation is a process in food industry, where vegetable oils containing unsaturated fatty acids are added with additional hydrogen atoms, which result in trans bonds. The trans-containing unsaturated fatty acids can be packed together in the lipid bilayer.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
- Certain fats are important components of a healthy diet. But trans-fats are associated with increased risk of heart disease. Are trans-fats saturated or unsaturated fatty acids? What is the difference in chemical structure between a trans-fat versus a cis-fat?arrow_forwardOils can be converted to fats by a commercial process catalyzed bynickel which is called partial hydrogenation. In relatively mild conditions (180ºC and pressures of about 1.33 atm) a sufficient number of double bonds are hydrogenated and solidify liquid oils. This solid material, margarine, has a consistency similar to butter. Come up with a practical reason why oils are notfully hydrogenated during commercial hydrogenation processesarrow_forwardLipoproteins are relatively large, spherical clumps of protein and lipid molecules that circulate in the blood of mammals. They are like suitcases that move cholesterol, fatty acid remnants, triglycerides, and phospholipids from one place to another in the body. Given what you know about the insolubility of lipids in water, which of the four kinds of lipids would you predict to be on the outside of a lipoprotein clump, bathed in the fluid portion of blood?arrow_forward
- Why is hydrogenation so appealing that companies will continue to include hydrogenated oils in their products despite the social stigma that trans fats have acquired? If hydrogenation is supposed to produce saturated fats, then why do its byproducts include these undesirable trans unsaturated fats? Eliminating fat from the diet to decrease health risks, yet many nutrition arguments are being made about the importance and value of fats in a balanced diet. Discuss these points and how you feel fats can be incorporated into a healthy diet, if at all.arrow_forwardPinolenic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid that is obtained from Siberian pine nuts, Korean pine nuts, and the seeds of other pines. H-C CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH C-CH Part: 0 / 2 Part 1 of 2 H CH, H H C=C H-C H C-CH2 CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 When this fatty acid is partially hydrogenated with one equivalent of H2 in the presence of a Pd catalyst, a mixture of constitutional isomers is formed. Modify the given structure to draw one of these possible products.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true about lipids? There may be more than one correct answer so make sure to check all answers that are true. Fats tend to be liquid at room temperature while oils tend to be solid. A saturated fat contains fatty acids that only have single bonds between each carbon in the carbon chain. The presence of multiple double bonds in a fatty acid make it more likely that the overall lipid will be a liquid at room temperature. Phospholipids are able to form a phospholipid bilayer due to the fact that they contain a polar component at the "head" of the molecule, and a long and relatively straight non-polar component at the "tail" of the molecule Fats, lipids, and steroids all have the same general structure involving a glycerol molecule and fatty acids.arrow_forward
- List several functions of lipids in living organism. What kind of organic compound involved in fat formation contains carboxyl group.arrow_forwardA food contains organic molecules with the elements C, H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1. What class of com- pounds do these molecules represent, and what are their major functions in the body?arrow_forwardPinolenic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid that is obtained from Siberian pine nuts, Korean pine nuts, and the seeds of other pines. CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH H-C. C-CH2 H CH₂ H H C=C H-C H C-CH2 CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 When this fatty acid is partially hydrogenated with one equivalent of H2 in the presence of a Pd catalyst, a mixture of constitutional isomers is formed. Modify the given structure to draw one of these possible products. Part: 0 / 2 Part 1 of 2 g で TH o0o 18 Ararrow_forward
- If your body does not take in protein, but only carbohydrates and lipids, what atoms will it be missing? For the atoms, how many electrons are in the outer shell and what type of bond will they make within the amino acid monomer?arrow_forwardLipoprotein particles are relatively large, sphericalclumps of protein and lipid molecules (see Figure 3.18)that circulate in the blood of mammals. They are likesuitcases that move cholesterol, fatty acid remnants, triglycerides, and phospholipids from one place to anotherin the body. Given what you know about the solubilityof lipids in water, which types of lipids would you predict to be on the outside of a lipoprotein clump, bathedin the water-based fluid portion of blood?arrow_forwardThe symbol for the fatty acid below is ________________: ________________, n-____________________. CH3(CH2)2(CH=CHCH2)2(CH2)4COOH (This is a multiple blank question, e.g. for 12:1, n-3 you would enter 12, 1, and 3.)arrow_forward
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