Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 29, Problem 16TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain: The daunting challenges faced while developing anti-fungal drugs.
Introduction: The antifungal drugs are very few in number but the interaction between resistant
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describe a semi-synthetic antibiotic
The type of antimicrobial drug that would be most likely to have toxic effects in
humans based on the premise of selective toxicity when treating microbial infection
would be a drug that
O 1) inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall
O 2) inhibits metabolic pathways
O 3) disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane
4) inhibits protein synthesis
5) All of the above have equal potential to be toxic
Microbiology
Briefly describe any THREE CATEGORIES (three modes of action) of antibacterial drugs. Make sure to tell how they work and how bacteria have become resistant to them.
Chapter 29 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 29.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 29.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 29.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 29.1 - How does the body of a yeast differ from that of a...Ch. 29.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 29.2 - How is a diploid cell different from a dikaryotic...Ch. 29.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 29.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 29.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 29.3 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 29.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 29.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 29.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 29.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 29.4 - Summarize the ecological significance of fungi as...Ch. 29.4 - Describe the important ecological role of...Ch. 29.4 - Prob. 9LOCh. 29.4 - What is the ecological importance of fungal...Ch. 29.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 29.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 29.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 29.5 - Prob. 11LOCh. 29.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 29.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 29 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 29 - Prob. 17TYU
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- Give an overview of the applications of microbial biotechnology that could help curb the spread of newly emerging diseases such as Covid-19.arrow_forwardDefine selective toxicity. How does the concept of selective toxicity highlight the importance of studying basic microbe structures, genetics, and chemistry? What is the relationship between selective toxicity and the number of antibacterial versus antifungal drugs?arrow_forwardIntroduction: There’s quite a bit of interest around repurposing extant drugs to treat infections by targeting host pathways that pathogens rely on. Here are a few potential drugs: 1) A drug that inhibits endocytosis, but not phagocytosis. 2) A drug that inhibits degradation of cytoplasmic proteins into smaller peptides, preventing their cycling back into amino acids. 3) A drug used to treat porphyria that reduces the reactivity of heme. 4) A drug that depletes glutathione, a chemical which protects red blood cells against the reactivity of heme. 5) A drug that reduces expression of the ACE-2 protein. Question: Pick a drug and an infection that the drug is likely to be good at treating, or pick an infection and a drug that would most likely make the infection substantially worse. Which drug and pathogen did you pick? Do you think it’ll make it better or worse?arrow_forward
- Below, you can see a picture of an antimicrobial drug. Regarding semi-synthetic antimicrobial drug development to try to avoid development of antibiotic resistance, use 1 sentence to address what is the significance/value of the presence of the various R-groups (e.g. R4, R5, R6, etc.)?arrow_forwardDiscuss the general principles of antibiotic therapy.arrow_forwardIdentify examples of cell-wall antibiotics that are not beta-lactam drugs.arrow_forward
- We have many antimicrobial drugs to treat bacterial infections, but very few for viruses. Why is it so difficult to treat viral infections? Hint: What would the targets for the drugs be?arrow_forwardThink about minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. A set of tubes, all containing the same amount of bacterial cells, have decreasing amount of antibiotic X added to them. Tube 1 had 0mg/ml, Tube 2 has 100mg/ml, tube 3 has 50mg/ml, 4=25, 5=12.5, 6=6.25, and tube 7 has 3.125. If bacteria grew in tubes 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, what is the MIC of this antibiotic for this bacteria? Select one: a.None of the Above b.3.125 mg/ml c.25 mg/ml d.0 mg/ml e.50 mg/mlarrow_forwardisolating a suspected agent in a sick individual that is absent in a healthy individual is sufficient to establish that the agent causes the disease? True or Falsearrow_forward
- During the anthrax crisis of 2001, public health officials urged citizens not to take the antibiotic ciprofloxacin as a preventative measure. Public health officials were concerned that overuse of ciprofloxacin would lead to resistant varieties of anthrax and other bacterial pathogens. Ciprofloxacin is one of the few readily available antibiotics that can treat anthrax. 1)Do you think that public health officials should more directly regulate the availability of ciprofloxacin to ensure its proper use? 2)Why?arrow_forward"On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient" ABSTRACT The rapid emergence of bacterial strains resistant to multiple antibiotics is posing a growing public health risk. The mechanisms underlying the rapid evolution of drug resistance are, however, poorly understood. The heterogeneity of the environments in which bacteria encounter antibiotic drugs could play an important role. E.g., in the highly compartmentalized human body, drug levels can vary substantially between different organs and tissues. It has been proposed that this could facilitate the selection of resistance mutants, and recent experiments support this. To study the role of spatial heterogeneity in the evolution of drug resistance, we present a quantitative model describing an environment subdivided into relatively isolated compartments with various antibiotic concentrations, in which bacteria evolve under the stochastic processes of proliferation, migration, mutation and…arrow_forward"On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient" ABSTRACT The rapid emergence of bacterial strains resistant to multiple antibiotics is posing a growing public health risk. The mechanisms underlying the rapid evolution of drug resistance are, however, poorly understood. The heterogeneity of the environments in which bacteria encounter antibiotic drugs could play an important role. E.g., in the highly compartmentalized human body, drug levels can vary substantially between different organs and tissues. It has been proposed that this could facilitate the selection of resistance mutants, and recent experiments support this. To study the role of spatial heterogeneity in the evolution of drug resistance, we present a quantitative model describing an environment subdivided into relatively isolated compartments with various antibiotic concentrations, in which bacteria evolve under the stochastic processes of proliferation, migration, mutation and…arrow_forward
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USMLE-Rx Antimicrobial Therapy; Author: USMLE-Rx;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pka1Ynlrqtw;License: Standard Youtube License