The category in which the given examplescome under from the following; an allele, genotype or phenotype frequency. A. One in out of 2500 people of Northern European descent is born with cystic fibrosis. B. 13% of the population in West Africa are carriers of sickle cell allele. C. The number of new mutations for achondroplasia is around 5x10 -5 . Introduction: An allele is the variant form of a gene which, occurs in pair and governs genotypic as well as, phenotypic traits of an organism. Genotype is the set of genes that determine the traits in an individual. Phenotype takes place when the genotype interacts with the environment and produces observable characters.

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Chapter 27, Problem 4CONQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

The category in which the given examplescome under from the following; an allele, genotype or phenotype frequency.

A. One in out of 2500 people of Northern European descent is born with cystic fibrosis.

B. 13% of the population in West Africa are carriers of sickle cell allele.

C. The number of new mutations for achondroplasia is around 5x10-5.

Introduction:

An allele is the variant form of a gene which, occurs in pair and governs genotypic as well as, phenotypic traits of an organism. Genotype is the set of genes that determine the traits in an individual. Phenotype takes place when the genotype interacts with the environment and produces observable characters.

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Identify each of the following as an example of allele, genotype,and/or phenotype frequency:A. Approximately 1 in 2500 individuals of Northern Europeandescent is born with cystic fibrosis.B. The percentage of carriers of the sickle cell allele in WestAfrica is approximately 13%.C. The number of new mutations per generation resultingin achondroplasia, a genetic disorder, is approximately5 × 10−5.

Sickle cell anemia is a genetically inherited autosomal recessive trait in which results in a condition that there are not enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body due to the production of red blood cells that are sickle shaped. The frequency of the sickle cell condition is as high as 10% in Central Africa compared to 0.5% in the United States. Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite that infects healthy red blood cells and can lead to death. However, the parasite is not able to infect sickle cell red blood cells. Scientists claim that the higher frequency of sickle cell carriers is due to the presence of malaria. Provide reasoning to support the claim.

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a recessive allele at a single gene. As we discussed in class, being a homozygote for the sickle cell allele is almost always lethal, but heterozygotes tend to be resistant against malaria although they have a mild form of anemia. Because of this heterozygote advantage, the allele for sickle cell anemia has a frequency of more than 10% in some human populations. How would present allele frequencies of the sickle cell allele change, if there was no heterozygote advantage or disadvantage (that is, that heterozygotes would be identical to ‘normal’ homozygotes – no malaria resistance, no anemia)? How would the change in sickle cell allele frequencies compare to scenario a (extirpation of malaria)