Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577213
Author: Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
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Chapter 27, Problem 27.26QAP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Percentages of each component should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Area normalization method is used in quantitative analysis of compounds in chromatography. In this method of quantification, complete elution of all analytes in the sample is required. Following formulas are required for the calculation.

Correctedarea=Relativearea×RelativedetectorresponsePercentageofthecompound=CorrectedareaofinterestedcompoundTotalcorrectedarea×100%

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 27.26QAP

PercentageofthecompoundA=19.1%PercentageofthecompoundB=12.5%PercentageofthecompoundC=37.8%PercentageofthecompoundD=18.5%PercentageofthecompoundE=11.9%

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

Compound Relative peak area Relative detector response
A 32.5 0.70
B 20.7 0.72
C 60.1 0.75
D 30.2 0.73
E 18.3 0.78

Corrected areas of compound can be calculated as follows.

CorrectedareaA=Relativearea×Relativedetectorresponse=32.5×0.70=22.75CorrectedareaB=Relativearea×Relativedetectorresponse=20.7×0.72=14.90CorrectedareaC=Relativearea×Relativedetectorresponse=60.1×0.75=45.08CorrectedareaD=Relativearea×Relativedetectorresponse=30.2×0.73=22.05CorrectedareaE=Relativearea×Relativedetectorresponse=18.3×0.78=14.27Totalcorrectedarea=22.75+14.9+45.08+22.05+14.27=119.05

Now, the percentage of compound can be calculated as follows:

PercentageofthecompoundA=CorrectedareaofinterestedcompoundTotalcorrectedarea×100%=22.75119.05×100%=19.1%PercentageofthecompoundB=CorrectedareaofinterestedcompoundTotalcorrectedarea×100% =14.9119.05×100% =12.5%

Or,

PercentageofthecompoundC=CorrectedareaofinterestedcompoundTotalcorrectedarea×100% =45.08119.05×100% =37.8%PercentageofthecompoundD=CorrectedareaofinterestedcompoundTotalcorrectedarea×100% =22.05119.05×100% =18.5%

Also,

PercentageofthecompoundE=CorrectedareaofinterestedcompoundTotalcorrectedarea×100% =14.27119.05×100% =11.9%

Conclusion

Thus,

PercentageofthecompoundA=19.1%PercentageofthecompoundB=12.5%PercentageofthecompoundC=37.8%PercentageofthecompoundD=18.5%PercentageofthecompoundE=11.9%

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One method for the quantitative determination of the concentration of constituents in a sample analyzed by gas chromatography is area normalization. Here, complete elution of all the sample constituents is necessary. The area of each peak is then measured and corrected for differences in detector response to the different eluates. This correction involves dividing the area by an empirically determined correction factor. The concentration of the analyte is found from the ratio of its corrected area to the total corrected area of all peaks. For a chromatogram containing three peaks, the relative areas were found to be 16.4, 45.2 and 30.2, in order of increasing retention time. Calculate the percentage of each compound if the relative detector responses were 0.60, 0.78 and 0.88, respectively.
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