Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 25, Problem 8CYR
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effects of the following hormones on electrolyte balance.
a. Angiotensin-II
b. Aldosterone
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. Vitamin D
e. Atrial natriuretic peptide
Introduction:
The electrolytes are an important part of our body. The main electrolytes are sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and calcium ions. The maintenance of these electrolytes is done by the urinary and the endocrine system of the body. The homeostasis of electrolytes is important for the body.
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1. 3 of the following are true of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)
A. The JG cells are located at the distal collecting tubule
B. The Juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells) are modified smooth muscles in the afferent arteriole
C. The Macula densa detects osmolality of the filtrate
D. The Macula densa is made up of tall columnar cells
2. 2 of the following are true of the RAAS responding to a decrease in Na in the filtrate
A. Macula densa detects the decrease in osmolality
B. JG cells are stimulated by Macula densa through tight junctions
C. Aldosterone stimulates principal cells of collecting tubule to reabsorb water
D. Aldosterone reabsorbs Na and by osmotic forces increase fluid in the extracellular compartment
3. 2 of the following are true of the loop of Henle
A. Descending thick limb is also called the pars recta of the proximal tubule
B. The function of the descending thick limb is similar to the distal convoluted tubule
C. Cells of the descending thin limb are very…
Chapter 25 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 25.1 - 1. What is a body fluid?
Ch. 25.1 - 2. What is balance with respect to body fluids?
Ch. 25.1 - How does an electrolyte differ from a...Ch. 25.1 - What is electrolyte balance?Ch. 25.1 - 5. How do acids and bases differ?
Ch. 25.1 - 6. Which pH values are acidic, basic, and...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 25.2 - What factors affect total body water?Ch. 25.2 - 3. Where are the intracellular and extracellular...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 4QC
Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 5QCCh. 25.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 25.2 - Prob. 7QCCh. 25.2 - How is thirst stimulated?Ch. 25.2 - How are fluids lost from the body?Ch. 25.2 - 10. What are the water requirements for an...Ch. 25.2 - 11. What is the role of ADH in fluid balance?
Ch. 25.2 - How is ADH secretion stimulated?Ch. 25.2 - How does dehydration affect the volume of the...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 14QCCh. 25.2 - 15. How do dehydration and overhydration differ...Ch. 25.3 - What are the main roles of sodium ions in the...Ch. 25.3 - How is sodium ion concentration regulated?Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 3QCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 25.3 - 5. How is the concentration of potassium ions in...Ch. 25.3 - 6. What happens to the resting membrane potential...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 7QCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 8QCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 9QCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 10QCCh. 25.3 - 11. How is chloride ion reabsorption in the...Ch. 25.3 - 12. How is the concentration of magnesium ions in...Ch. 25.4 - What are the major sources of acids for the body?Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 7QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 8QCCh. 25.4 - How do metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 10QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 11QCCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 25.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 25 - Prob. 1CYRCh. 25 - 2. How does an electrolyte differ from a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 25 - Which of the following is false with respect to...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 9CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 11CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 12CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 13CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 14CYRCh. 25 - 15. Which of the following mechanisms is/are used...Ch. 25 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17CYRCh. 25 - 18. How does angiotensin-II help to restore fluid...Ch. 25 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 25 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 25 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 25 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 25 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 25 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 25 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 25 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 25 - Prob. 5AYKB
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- When a patient is treated with a drug that counteracts the effect of aldosterone (aldosterone antagonist), which of the following parameters are likely to fall? a. Sodium excreted in the urine b. Blood viscosity c. Plasma potassium concentration d. Blood volume e. Urine volumearrow_forward1.8 Which of the following is likely to cause the kidney to change the reabsorption of water and/or NaCl? Select one: a. Drinking 1 L of water in a short period of time. (Assume that you weren't dehydrated.) b. Eating a big bag of salty potato chips. c. Forgetting to drink water all day. d. Exercising vigorously in a very hot environment. e. All of the abovearrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. glutathione b. atrial natriuretic factor c. vasopressin d. oxytocin e. homeostasisarrow_forward
- A 30-year-old woman begins drinking excessive amounts because of increased thirst. She weighs 50 kg (110 lbs). She excretes approximately 8 L of dilute urine daily. Her serum sodium concentration is 147 mEq/L. Which of the following peptides will most likely relieve her thirst and decrease her daily volume of excreted urine? a. Angiotensin I b. Angiotensin II c. Bradykinin d. Desmopressin e. Oxytocin f. Substance Parrow_forwardWhich of the following electrolyte/fluid regulation abnormalities is not seen with glucocorticoid use?A. Sodium retentionB. Fluid retentionC. Arterial hypertensionD. Heart failureE. Potassium retentionarrow_forwardA patient with a urine pH of 4.5, a blood pH of 7.3 and a PCO2 of 32 mmHg. Identify the acid base imbalance with its compensation. A. respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis B. metabolic alkalosis with respiratory acidosis C. respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis D. metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosisarrow_forward
- . A 20-year-old woman collapses at a wild party several hours after taking ecstasy. Which one of the following electrolyte abnormalities is MOST likely to be found in this subject? A. Hyperkalemia due to vigorous dancing and drug abuse B. Hypokalemia due to excess B-adrenergic surge C. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis precipitated D. Hyponatremia due to an effect on vasopressin secretion and fluid intake E. Hyponatremia due to vigorous dancing and fluid intake ecstasyarrow_forwardHyperaldosteronism (excessive aldosterone release) can be caused by many disease states including tumours in the adrenal gland. By now, we should be familiar with how this will affect sodium balance and blood pressure, but how would hyperaldosteronism affect potassium levels and why? Select one potassium effect (a or b) and one cause (c-f). a. The patient will become hyperkalemic. O b. The patient will become hypokalemic. O c. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Increased sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption, which then establishes a concentration gradient to increase potassium reabsorption. Od. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct. Increased sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption, which then establishes a concentration gradient to increase potassium reabsorption. O e. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct by increasing expression of EnaCs, sodium/potassium exchangers, and…arrow_forwardA 45-year-old woman develops severe diarrhea while on vacation. She develops dehydration and renal failure as a complication. She has the following arterial blood values:pH = 7.25 (Low)Pco2 = 24 mm Hg (low)[HCO3-] = 10 mEq/L (low)Venous blood samples show decreased blood [K+] and a normal anion gap.a. Which acid base disorder is displaced above? Explain your answer.b. What hormonal mechanisms will take place to conserve fluid in this patientc. What factors are considered in measurement of GFR?d. Give 4 functions of the kidneyarrow_forward
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