Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 5AYKB
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effect on osmotic pressure of the ECF (extracellular fluid) and the concentration of sodium ions if a large amount of salt is consumed without water. Also, determine the reason behind the elevation in the blood pressure.
Introduction:
The sodium ion is present in large amount in the extracellular matrix. These ions move into the cytosol against their concentration gradient. Sodium ions are important in all the electrophysiological processes. Any imbalance in the concentration of sodium ions leads to the disturbance in the homeostasis.
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Students have asked these similar questions
What happens to the concentration of sodium ions in the ECF if you consume a large amount of salt without consuming any water? How will this impact the osmotic pressure of the ECF? Why could this lead to an elevation in blood pressure?
Which is TRUE of the RAAS pathway?
angiotensin Il directly leads to vasoconstriction and stimulates
aldosterone which promotes Na+ reabsorption at the cortical
collecting duct
ANP stimulates the RAAS pathway, while ADH/vasopressin inhibits
the RAAS pathway
increased plasma volume directly puts extra pressure on the afferent
arteriole and indirectly increases pressure in the distal tubule, both of
which lead to stimulation of renin release
angiotensin Il promotes activation of the parasympathetic system
which decreases GFR
low plasma Na+ is sensed by the proximal tubule and triggers release
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Know the voltage of potassium in the ECF and ICF.
Know the voltage of sodium in the ECF and ICF.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 25.1 - 1. What is a body fluid?
Ch. 25.1 - 2. What is balance with respect to body fluids?
Ch. 25.1 - How does an electrolyte differ from a...Ch. 25.1 - What is electrolyte balance?Ch. 25.1 - 5. How do acids and bases differ?
Ch. 25.1 - 6. Which pH values are acidic, basic, and...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 25.2 - What factors affect total body water?Ch. 25.2 - 3. Where are the intracellular and extracellular...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 4QC
Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 5QCCh. 25.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 25.2 - Prob. 7QCCh. 25.2 - How is thirst stimulated?Ch. 25.2 - How are fluids lost from the body?Ch. 25.2 - 10. What are the water requirements for an...Ch. 25.2 - 11. What is the role of ADH in fluid balance?
Ch. 25.2 - How is ADH secretion stimulated?Ch. 25.2 - How does dehydration affect the volume of the...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 14QCCh. 25.2 - 15. How do dehydration and overhydration differ...Ch. 25.3 - What are the main roles of sodium ions in the...Ch. 25.3 - How is sodium ion concentration regulated?Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 3QCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 25.3 - 5. How is the concentration of potassium ions in...Ch. 25.3 - 6. What happens to the resting membrane potential...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 7QCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 8QCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 9QCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 10QCCh. 25.3 - 11. How is chloride ion reabsorption in the...Ch. 25.3 - 12. How is the concentration of magnesium ions in...Ch. 25.4 - What are the major sources of acids for the body?Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 7QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 8QCCh. 25.4 - How do metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 10QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 11QCCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 25.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 25 - Prob. 1CYRCh. 25 - 2. How does an electrolyte differ from a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 25 - Which of the following is false with respect to...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 9CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 11CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 12CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 13CYRCh. 25 - Prob. 14CYRCh. 25 - 15. Which of the following mechanisms is/are used...Ch. 25 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17CYRCh. 25 - 18. How does angiotensin-II help to restore fluid...Ch. 25 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 25 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 25 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 25 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 25 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 25 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 25 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 25 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 25 - Prob. 5AYKB
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forwardA young woman who has suffered a head injury seems to have recovered but is thirsty all the time. What do you think might be the cause? Hint: remember the main stimulus to vasopressin and thirst.arrow_forwardare both statements correct? Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme. Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion, and aldosterone decreases the rate of Na+ and Cl− reabsorption from the nephron. Atrial natriuretic hormone, secreted from the right atrium in response to decrease in blood pressure, acts on the kidney to decrease Na+ in the urine.arrow_forward
- Pressure sensing by the kidneys is a better surrogate for: A. Heart rate B. Stroke volume C. Cardiac output D. Differences in water concentration between the intracellular and extracellular compartmentsarrow_forwardDiuretics cause sodium excretion. Sodium follows water. Therefore, diuretics lead to a reduction in volume (remember BP = heart rate x volume x blood vessel tone (SVR)). Since diuretics lower volume, they lower BP. When would diuretics be indicated? When would they be contraindicated?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II? Select one: a. Increases thirst b. Vasoconstriction of arterioles c. Decreases peripheral resistance d. Increases aldosterone secretion e. Increases ADH secretionarrow_forward
- Describe the response of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone hormone mechanism to a decrease in bloodpressure. How are extracellular fluid volume and urinevolume affected?arrow_forwardDescribe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. State the function of this system. State how this system helps to control plasma Na+ concentrations and blood pressure.arrow_forwardGive the flowchart and show how Renin angiotensin aldosterone system works? Please draw at your own wordsarrow_forward
- Indicate which of the following is (are) being described: angiotensisn II, aldosterone and/or ADH increases blood pressure by direct vasoconstriction (2 answers) stimulates insertion of aquaporins into the collecting duct (1) increases the secretion of the other two (1) acts on the principal cells of the nephron (2 answers) increases Na+ reabsorption by the kidney (1) has its production directly blocked by ACE inhibitors (1) increases water reabsorption by acting on kidney collecting duct (1)arrow_forwardA healthy 48-year-old man comes to the physician with his wife for a routine examination. When asked about his diet, the patient says, "I eat health foods as long as they taste good." His wife says that her husband heavily salts all the food he eats. Under normal circumstances, which of the following responses most likely allows the patient to compensate for the excess dietary sodium? Serum concentrations: Aldostrone angiotensin II plasma renin activity a. increased increased increased b. increased increased decreased c. increased decreased increased d. increased decreased decreased e. decreased decreased decreasedarrow_forwardDiagram/flow chart the reactions and interactions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. What conditiion is the primary stimulus for its activation? What would hapen to renin secretion in a patient with chronic kidney failure?arrow_forward
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