Chapter 25, Problem 48A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The differences between natural and artificial radioactivity are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The process of radioactive decay is how an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy through radiation. A substance that has unstable nuclei is regarded as radioactive.

Answer to Problem 48A

When compared to artificial radioactivity, which is produced by human actions like reactors, natural radioactivity is defined as the spontaneous radioactive decay of elements in nature.

Explanation of Solution

Natural radioactivity can be defined as the spontaneous and continuous radioactive decay of unstable elements found in nature, accompanied by the emission of active radiations (alpha, beta, gamma).

Artificial radioactivity can be defined as induced radioactive decay and represents a significant source of man-made radiation exposure. This radioactivity is usually produced by the bombarding of atoms with high-speed particles (such as protons and neutrons) and it occurs in reactors and accelerators. Also, this type of radioactivity is used in diagnostic X-rays methods, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy.