Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 24, Problem 2CYU
Summary Introduction
To review:
The track that was taken by a urea molecule from glomerulus of the kidney to the renal pelvis, in case the urea is recycled.
Introduction:
In mammals, proteins get broken down into smaller amino acid residues, which are used for the synthesis of
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List the costs and benefits of the excretion of ammonia,urea, or uric acid as nitrogenous waste products.
a) Explain what would happen in the absence of the vasa recta accompanying the loop of Henle in the renal medulla
b)Explain the process of the urea cycle or trap and what is the purpose of maintaining high urea concentration in the renal medulla
The presence of either protein or glucose in a urinalysis is abnormal, but these two molecules end up in the urine for different reasons. For each of these molecules, briefly describe where in the urine production process (i.e., glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption or tubular secretion) the problem occurs, and why it might happen.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - What are the organs of the urinary system?Ch. 24.1 - 2. What are the basic functions of the kidneys?
Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 24.2 - 2. What are the three regions of the kidney, and...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3QCCh. 24.2 - Trace the sequence of blood flow through the...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 5QCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 24.2 - Trace the pathway filtrate takes through the...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1QC
Ch. 24.3 - 2. How do tubular reabsorption and tubular...Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 24.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 24.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 24.4 - 4. What is the GFR?
Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 24.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 24.4 - 7. How does tubuloglomerular feedback affect the...Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 8QCCh. 24.4 - Prob. 9QCCh. 24.4 - Prob. 10QCCh. 24.4 - How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 24.5 - 2. What are the three types of transport...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 24.5 - What is obligatory water reabsorption?Ch. 24.5 - How do the permeabilities of the two limbs of the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 7QCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 8QCCh. 24.6 - Prob. 1QCCh. 24.6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 24.6 - Prob. 3QCCh. 24.6 - Prob. 4QCCh. 24.6 - 5. What three factors allow the kidney to produce...Ch. 24.6 - 6. How is concentrated urine produced?
Ch. 24.8 - 1. What is the normal composition of urine?
Ch. 24.8 - Prob. 2QCCh. 24.8 - 3. What is renal clearance, and what is it used...Ch. 24.9 - Prob. 1QCCh. 24.9 - 2. What are the functions of the ureters and...Ch. 24.9 - Prob. 3QCCh. 24.9 - Prob. 4QCCh. 24.9 - Prob. 5QCCh. 24 - What are the four main organs of the urinary...Ch. 24 - 2. Which of the following is not a physiological...Ch. 24 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 24 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 24 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 24 - Which of the following substances would pass...Ch. 24 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 24 - Fill in the blanks for the following statements:...Ch. 24 - Which of the following is false about the GFR? a....Ch. 24 - The route by which substances are reabsorbed by...Ch. 24 - 11. Fill in the blanks: Glomerular hydrostatic...Ch. 24 - Dilute urine is produced when decreased levels of...Ch. 24 - Prob. 13CYRCh. 24 - Prob. 14CYRCh. 24 - Prob. 15CYRCh. 24 - 16. The GFR may be estimated by measuring the rate...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17CYRCh. 24 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 24 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 24 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 24 - Why must the kidneys establish a concentration...Ch. 24 - 1. Drugs that treat hypertension, or high blood...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 24 - 3. Deana is a 4-year-old girl with a rare genetic...Ch. 24 - 4. Explain how each of the drugs in question 1...Ch. 24 - 5. What might it mean if you found a high...
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- The presence of either protein or glucose in a urinalysis is abnormal but they end up in the urine for different reasons. For each of these molecules, briefly describe where in the urine production process (i.e., glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption or tubular secretion) the problem occurs, and why it might happen. please helparrow_forwardThe following substances are normal constituents in urine. Determine their metabolic origins in the human body. Urea - Creatinine Indican Uric acid Why is analysis of urine important in the diagnosis of diseases?arrow_forwardIndicate whether the following sentences is True or False 1) Urea is the major nitrogen-containing metabolic product of protein catabolism in humans, accounting for > 75% of the nonprotein nitrogen eventually excreted 2) Dialysis is the process of separating substances in solution based on size and the difference in their diffusion rates through a semipermeable membranearrow_forward
- Name the organ where urea is produced.arrow_forwardDiscuss the importance of the kidney filtering urea out of the blood in greater detail.arrow_forwardA person is suspected of having chronic renal failure. To assess kidneyfunction, urea clearance is measured and found to be very low. Explainwhat a very low urea clearance indicates for this patient. Compare that withthe effect of chronic renal failure on the tendency for the blood K+ level tobe higher than normal and the blood Na+ level to be lower than normal.arrow_forward
- State the implication of a high value of NPN in blood and urine. What does the amount of urea, ammonia, and creatinine in the urine tell us about renal function? Which food substances can lead to an increased value of NPN in the blood?arrow_forwardThe renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.arrow_forwardIf only a very small amount of urea were present in the interstitial fluid of the kidney instead of its normal concentration, how would it affect the kidney's ability to concentrate urine? asaparrow_forward
- A bird just flew overhead and bird droppings landed on your car. The droppings are a white paste. What are the primary components of this excrement? Compare/contrast excretion of ammonia, urea, and uric acid relative to source, energy needed to produce, and toxicity.arrow_forwardDiscuss the importance of the kidney filtering urea out of the blood.arrow_forwardPhysiological processes are dictated by the laws of chemistry and physics. Give one example each of how a law of chemistry and a law of physics are important in understanding the regulation of renal function.arrow_forward
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