The given blank spaces in the statements as follows: 1. The process by which urine is eliminated is called__, and it is mediated by reflexes involving the _ nervous system. 2. The mucosa of the organs of the urinary tract is lined with _epithelium. 3. The three layers of smooth muscle in the urinary bladder are known as the muscle. 4. The female urethra provides a passageway for , whereas the male urethra provides a passageway for and ___. Introduction: The kidneys filter the blood and remove all the metabolic wastes to form urine. Urine is then transported to urinary tract for its excretion. The urinary tract consists of a pair of ureters, a hollow urinary bladder, and a narrow passage called urethra. The urinary tract is different in males and females.

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Chapter 24, Problem 17CYR

Summary Introduction

To review:

The given blank spaces in the statements as follows:

1. The process by which urine is eliminated is called__, and it is mediated by reflexes involving the _ nervous system.

2. The mucosa of the organs of the urinary tract is lined with _epithelium.

3. The three layers of smooth muscle in the urinary bladder are known as the muscle.

4. The female urethra provides a passageway for , whereas the male urethra provides a passageway for and ___.

Introduction:

The kidneys filter the blood and remove all the metabolic wastes to form urine. Urine is then transported to urinary tract for its excretion. The urinary tract consists of a pair of ureters, a hollow urinary bladder, and a narrow passage called urethra. The urinary tract is different in males and females.

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Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. The kidneys are retroperitoneal and covered by three layers of connective tissue. b. Internally, the kidneys consist of an outer renal medulla, a middle renal pelvis, and an inner renal cortex. c. The first capillary bed of the kidneys is the peritubular capillaries,which are fed by the afferent arteriole and drained by the efferent arteriole. d. Filtrate flows from the renal corpuscle to the distal tubule, the nephron loop, the proximal tubule, and into the collecting system.

Vesicoureteral reflux occurs in children because: O a. as the bladder in infants and children fill, it pulls the smooth lining of the transitional epithelium away from the ureters so that the reflux valves are ineffective. b. the submucosal segment of the ureter is short, making the antireflux mechanism inefficient. O c. they do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner and urine is forced up into the ureters. d. the trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is underdeveloped.

The macula densa is/are: a. present in the renal medulla. b. dense tissue present in the outer layer of the kidney. c. cells present in the DCT and collecting tubules. d. present in blood capillaries.