The D-aldohexoses that yield the products formed by the given conditions are to be determined. Concept introduction: Reduction of monosaccharides with sodium borohydride reduces the aldehyde group to primary alcohol. Oxidation of monosaccharides with bromine oxidizes the aldehyde group to carboxylic acid . Oxidation of monosaccharides with nitric acid oxidizes the aldehyde group as well as the terminal -CH 2 OH to carboxylic acid groups. Carbohydrates undergo enolization in the open-chain form. The aldehyde oxygen is protonated by the hydrogen from C2, converting it to hydroxyl group and forming a double bond between C1 and C2. Carbohydrates that differ in configuration only at C2 give the same enediol. A molecule with more than one chirality center can be optically inactive if it has a plane of symmetry of a center of symmetry.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24, Problem 28P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The D-aldohexoses that yield the products formed by the given conditions are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reduction of monosaccharides with sodium borohydride reduces the aldehyde group to primary alcohol.

Oxidation of monosaccharides with bromine oxidizes the aldehyde group to carboxylic acid.

Oxidation of monosaccharides with nitric acid oxidizes the aldehyde group as well as the terminal -CH2OH to carboxylic acid groups.

Carbohydrates undergo enolization in the open-chain form. The aldehyde oxygen is protonated by the hydrogen from C2, converting it to hydroxyl group and forming a double bond between C1 and C2.

Carbohydrates that differ in configuration only at C2 give the same enediol.

A molecule with more than one chirality center can be optically inactive if it has a plane of symmetry of a center of symmetry.

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One of the key components in fatty acid synthesis is acetoacetyl‑ACP, which is formed from a Claisen condensation of a fatty acid thioester (acetyl synthase, simplified here) with the enolate formed from the decarboxylation of malonyl ACP. The given steps show the first round of this elongation. Draw a curved arrow mechanism to show how these reactions give acetoacetyl‑ACP.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24, Problem 28P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The D-aldohexoses that yield the products formed by the given conditions are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reduction of monosaccharides with sodium borohydride reduces the aldehyde group to primary alcohol.

Oxidation of monosaccharides with bromine oxidizes the aldehyde group to carboxylic acid.

Oxidation of monosaccharides with nitric acid oxidizes the aldehyde group as well as the terminal -CH2OH to carboxylic acid groups.

Carbohydrates undergo enolization in the open-chain form. The aldehyde oxygen is protonated by the hydrogen from C2, converting it to hydroxyl group and forming a double bond between C1 and C2.

Carbohydrates that differ in configuration only at C2 give the same enediol.

A molecule with more than one chirality center can be optically inactive if it has a plane of symmetry of a center of symmetry.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24, Problem 28P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The D-aldohexoses that yield the products formed by the given conditions are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reduction of monosaccharides with sodium borohydride reduces the aldehyde group to primary alcohol.

Oxidation of monosaccharides with bromine oxidizes the aldehyde group to carboxylic acid.

Oxidation of monosaccharides with nitric acid oxidizes the aldehyde group as well as the terminal -CH2OH to carboxylic acid groups.

Carbohydrates undergo enolization in the open-chain form. The aldehyde oxygen is protonated by the hydrogen from C2, converting it to hydroxyl group and forming a double bond between C1 and C2.

Carbohydrates that differ in configuration only at C2 give the same enediol.

A molecule with more than one chirality center can be optically inactive if it has a plane of symmetry of a center of symmetry.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24, Problem 28P

Interpretation Introduction