Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24, Problem 1CS
Summary Introduction
To determine: The methods by which the participants can understand that the trial is for experimental purpose, and it is not directly intended to help the patient.
Introduction: Research is designed to analyze the effect of a particular condition or substance on a population. In the research, the people are mainly divided into two groups, one of the groups is provided with the condition that is according to experimental purpose, and the other group is used as a control. The grouping is highly randomized, and the researcher must be unbiased in selecting the group.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 24 - Prob. 1NSTCh. 24 - People with a genetic condition known as...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3NSTCh. 24 - Cancer can arise spontaneously, but it can also be...Ch. 24 - Prob. 1CSCh. 24 - Prob. 2CSCh. 24 - If you agree to participate and then learn that...Ch. 24 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2PDQCh. 24 - Where are the major regulatory points in the cell...
Ch. 24 - List the functions of kinases and cyclins, and...Ch. 24 - How can mutations in noncoding segments of DNA...Ch. 24 - What is the difference between saying that cancer...Ch. 24 - Prob. 7PDQCh. 24 - Prob. 8PDQCh. 24 - Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated...Ch. 24 - Describe the steps by which the TP53 gene responds...Ch. 24 - Part of the Ras protein is associated with the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 24 - Distinguish between oncogenes and proto-oncogenes....Ch. 24 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 24 - How do translocations such as the Philadelphia...Ch. 24 - Explain why many oncogenic viruses contain genes...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 24 - How do normal cells protect themselves from...Ch. 24 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 24 - Epigenetics is a relatively new area of genetics...Ch. 24 - Radiotherapy (treatment with ionizing radiation)...Ch. 24 - Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1...Ch. 24 - Explain the apparent paradox that both...Ch. 24 - As part of a cancer research project, you have...Ch. 24 - Mutations in tumor-suppressor genes are associated...Ch. 24 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 24 - Those who inherit a mutant allele of the RB1...Ch. 24 - The table in this problem summarizes some of the...Ch. 24 - Researchers have identified some tumors that have...Ch. 24 - Prob. 30ESP
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- what are the short comings of randomized clinical trials ?arrow_forwardShould we conduct clinical trials on humans at all? Who should participate and is it truly possible to obtain informed consent? Should people with deadly diseases facing certain death have to wait for a clinical trial to test the efficacy of the drug if it shows to be promising in a lab? Would you consider this to be denying someone a treatment that "can't hurt" but can only help? Nb: Identify the reference use pleasearrow_forwardBiDil® is indicated for the treatment of heart failure as an adjunct to standard therapy in self-identified black patients to improve survival, to prolong time to hospitalization for heart failure, and to improve patient-reported functional status Question: The results of BiDil® clinical trials were compelling…Expound on the results. Question : What role did FDA’s approval resulted in BiDil® being a great example of pharmacogenomics/pharmacogenetics in the U.S.?arrow_forward
- Describe the FDA approval process for assessing the safety and efficacy of a newly developed drug. What are advantages and disadvantages of this process?arrow_forwardWhich statements regarding the preclinical research stage of drug development are true? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. Group of answer choices Most drugs do not proceed past the preclinical stage because they are found to be too toxic or just ineffective. Client variability is determined and potential drug—drug interactions are examined during pre-clinical testing.. The preclinical stage of research involves extensive testing on animals in the laboratory to determine if the drug will cause harm to humans. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for extensive testing for safety before the pharmaceutical company can begin the preclinical research stage of development.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a barrier to recruitment in a clinical trial? A. Investment in community education and outreach. B. Education about clinical trials early in a patient's diagnosis. C. Presentation of options for the patient. D. Strick protocols and narrow eligibility guidelines.arrow_forward
- Why should clinical trials reflect the diversity of the American population?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is not true? a. Some RCTs may involve "cross-over" as part of their design b. Community trials may or may not involve randomization c. The participants for a randomized controlled trial must be randomly selected from the target population d. All RCT participants randomized into the treatment group and the control group must be included in data analysis, even if some of them did not complete the studyarrow_forwardOutline the general steps from initial drug discovery to IND filing. Add as much detail as you need and feel free to use flow charts, graphics, visuals, as long as is made by you alone and not directly copied-pasted from another source. If an IND is cleared to proceed by the US-FDA, what is the single most important goal of a first-in-human (FIH) clinical trial?arrow_forward
- Ethical values may vary regionally. For example, while stem cell administration is not considered ethical in a region, there is no reason why it should not be ethical worldwide.Give 1 sample in accordance with the example given above.Note: The example you will give should be general as above (no person, time etc.). The sample should be unique to you and should be explained in detail.arrow_forwardIn regard to the difference margin (M), which of the following statements is NOT right? a. the difference margin should be chosen before the start of a trial b. the difference margin is a value randomly chosen by the researchers c. the difference margin is carefully chosen with both statistical and clinical considerations d. Non-inferiority and equivalence in efficacy between a new treatment and the standard treatment should be claimed in the presence of a well justified difference marginarrow_forwardWhat are the indicators that will tell the researchers that they can proceed to the next phase in clinical trials?arrow_forward
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