Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 3MC
The net gain of ATP from the complete
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Muscles may become hypoxic during the early stages of exercise, causing lactate to build up.
a) Describe in detail how a lack of oxygen might cause lactate to build up in the muscles.
b) Explain how lactate (typically thought of as a waste product) may be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
When blood glucose levels rise following a meal, the following events occur. Arrange these events in the appropriate sequence.(a) Glucagon is secreted.(b) Glycolysis replenishes ATP supplies.(c) Glucose is absorbed by cells.(d) The liver releases glucose into the bloodstream.(e) Glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) occurs withexcess glucose.(f) Blood levels pass through normal to below normal(hypoglycemic).(g) Insulin levels rise.
During the initial phase of exercise, muscles can become hypoxic which leads to the buildup of lactate.
a) Fully explain how oxygen shortage can lead to the accumulation of lactate in the muscles.
b) Describe how lactate (often seen as a waste product) can produce glucose via gluconeogenesis.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 23.1 - Why is it important to include cellulose in a...Ch. 23.1 - How does the body use triglycerides? Cholesterol?Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 23.2 - Prob. 5CYUCh. 23.2 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 23.2 - Prob. 7CYUCh. 23.3 - What is a redox reaction?Ch. 23.3 - How are anabolism and catabolism linked by ATP?Ch. 23.3 - What is the energy source for the proton pumps of...
Ch. 23.4 - Briefly, how do substrate-level and oxidative...Ch. 23.4 - What happens in glycolysis if oxygen and pyruvic...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 18CYUCh. 23.4 - What name is given to the chemical reaction in...Ch. 23.5 - Which part of triglyceride molecules enters...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23.5 - What are the products of beta oxidation?Ch. 23.6 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23.6 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23.7 - Which three organs or tissues are the primary...Ch. 23.7 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23.7 - Which hormone is glucagons main antagonist?Ch. 23.7 - Which event increases both glucagon and insulin...Ch. 23.8 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23.8 - What are trans fats and how do they affect LDL and...Ch. 23.9 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23.9 - What is the most important long-term regulator of...Ch. 23.10 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23.10 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23.11 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23.11 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23.11 - Prob. 18CYUCh. 23 - Which of the following reactions would liberate...Ch. 23 - The formation of glucose from glycogen is (a)...Ch. 23 - The net gain of ATP from the complete metabolism...Ch. 23 - Which of the following best defines cellular...Ch. 23 - What is formed during aerobic respiration when...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6MCCh. 23 - Prob. 7MCCh. 23 - Which of the following is not a function of the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9MCCh. 23 - A person has been on a hunger strike for seven...Ch. 23 - Transamination is a chemical process by which (a)...Ch. 23 - Three days after removing the pancreas from an...Ch. 23 - Hunger, appetite, obesity, and physical activity...Ch. 23 - Prob. 14MCCh. 23 - Which of the following yields the greatest caloric...Ch. 23 - What is cellular respiration? What is the common...Ch. 23 - Describe the site, major events, and outcomes of...Ch. 23 - Pyruvic acid is a product of glycolysis, but it is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 23 - What is meant by body energy balance, and what...Ch. 23 - Explain the effect of the following on metabolic...Ch. 23 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...
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- In the Cori cycle, the lactate product of glycolysis in muscle is transformedback into glucose by the liver. (a) List the enzymes involved in the lactate → glucose pathway. (b) What is the net gain/loss of ATP for one round of the Cori cycle (glucose → lactate → glucose)?arrow_forwardThe net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose fermented is A) 1. B) 2. C) 4. D) 8.arrow_forwardHow many high-energy phosphates are generated or consumed in (a) converting 1 mole of glucose to lactate? (b) converting 2 moles of lactate to glucose?arrow_forward
- Glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency is a glycogen storage disease referred to as von Gierke disease. Which of the following symptoms would you NOT expect to see in patients with this disease? (A) severe fasting hypoglycemia (B) excess adipose triglyceride storage and low circulating levels of fatty acids (C) hyperammonemia (D) liver enlargement resulting from excess liver glycogen storage (E) lactic acidosis (F) goutarrow_forwardWhich of the following enzyme(s) is/are present in liver cells? () Glycogen phosphorylase (i) Glucose 6-phosphatase (iii) Fatty acid synthase O A. (i) only O B. (ii) only O C. () and (ii) only O D. (ii) and (iii) only O E. (), (ii) and (ii)arrow_forwardAfter prolonged exercise the body becomes depleted of glycogen. Which type of diet will lead to a quicker replenishment of muscle glycogen, a high fat, high protein diet or a high carbohydrate diet?Explain.arrow_forward
- How many ATP equivalents are consumed in the conversion of each of the following to a glucosyl residue in glycogen? (a) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (b) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (c) Pyruvate (d) Glucose-6-phosphatearrow_forward1) An average middle-aged person weighing 90 kg (200 lb.) contains 15 % body fat stored in adipose tissue. a) Calculate the amount of energy stored as fat in this person in kilojoules, assuming that energy yield from fat is 37 kJ/g. b) If this same amount of energy were stored in hydrated glycogen rather than fat (hydrated glycogen has an energy yield of 6 kJ/g), how much would the person weight in kilograms and in pounds?arrow_forwardPyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, a severe condition with a poor prognosis, results in neurological dysfunction and unremitting lactic acidosis. One treatment is placing the patients on a low carbohydrate/high fat diet. ( a) Explain why the deficiency would be characterized by neurological dysfunction. ( b) Why does lactic acidosis result? ( c) Explain the rationale for the low carbohydrate/high fat diet.arrow_forward
- Order the following sources of energy (from first used to last used) when muscles are called upon to do extensive work:(a) Fatty acids from triacylglycerols(b) ATP(c) Glycogen(d) Creatine phosphate(e) Glucosearrow_forwardOne of the modes of regulation of glycogen metabolism involves the hormonal control by covalent modification of the two pathways’ regulatory enzymes.(a). Name these enzymes.(b). Illustrate the cascade of reactions that governs the inter-conversion of theregulatory enzyme that is involved in the glycogen degradation.arrow_forwardWhat reaction or process in metabolism is catalyzed by each of the following enzymes: (a) pepsin; (b) succinate dehydrogenase; (c) ATP synthase?arrow_forward
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