To review:
The vitamin of the B complex, which needs the help of a gastric product for its absorption. Also, the name of this product from the stomach, the cells of gastric mucosa that secrete it, the part of the small intestine that absorbs this B vitamin, and the kind of anemia caused by the deficiency of this vitamin.
Introduction:
Vitamins are one of the five categories of nutrients that are required in minute amounts by the body. Some of them are fat soluble, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, whereas some are water soluble, such as vitamins of B complex and vitamin C. They can act as a coenzyme to facilitate the function of enzymes, as an antioxidant and also help in the
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Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a peptic ulcer disease characterized by overproduction of gastric acid. Which two types of stomach cells are most likely involved in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?arrow_forwardThe diagram shows a liver lobule. Long-term destruction of the hepatocytes, collapse of the histologic architecture, and production of fibrous material in the areas indicated by the arrow is most likely to result in which of the following? 1. A) Decreased intestinal motility 2. B) Gallstones 3. C) Increased central venous pressure 4. D) Increased hepatic venous pressure 5. E) Increased portal pressurearrow_forwardInflammation of the digestive tract is common to most irritable bowel diseases including Crohn’s Disease, IBD Syndrome, and Celiac’s Disease. While each of these diseases causes inflammation by a different mechanism, they all result in decreased capacity to absorb nutrients and minerals. In extreme cases, this can lead to severe diarrhea, malnutrition, osteoporosis (weakening of the bones), and iron deficiency, to name a few. Based on the information above, which region(s) and structure(s) of the alimentary canal is (are) most likely targets of inflammation? Explain your answer based on the roles of each segment of the alimentary canal.arrow_forward
- Inflammation of the digestive tract is common to most irritable bowel diseases causing in decreased capacity to absorb nutrients and minerals. In extreme cases, this can lead to severe diarrhea, malnutrition, osteoporosis (weakening of the bones), and iron deficiency, to name a few. , which region(s) and structure(s) of the alimentary canal is (are) most likely targets of inflammation? Explain your answer based on the roles of each segment of the alimentary canal.arrow_forwardList 2 substances that are produced in the liver:arrow_forwardThe inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis is thought to be a result of a breakdown of the mucus barriers within the intestine due to reduced mucus production. Therefore, in ulcerative colitis patients you would expect to observe a decrease in the amount of: 1) goblet cells 2) circular muscle 3) submucosa 4) serosaarrow_forward
- In order to be absorbed, nutrients must pass through two plasma membranes. Name these membranes.arrow_forwardOrder the following processes: 2 1. Cholecystokinin is triggered $ 2. Bile is released from the gallbladder $ 3. Triacyglycerols enter bloodstream $ 4. Fat droplets transported as chyme $ 5. Gastric Lipase hydrolyze TAGS $ 6. Monoacyglycerols in micelles $ 7. Triacyglycerol transported in chylomicronsarrow_forwardThe stomach is extremely acidic, allowing it to perform several interesting feats. Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of this acidic environment?arrow_forward
- What would happen if HCl were not secreted in the stomach?arrow_forwardMary was morbidly obese and had gastric bypass surgery to help her lose weight. However she did not thoroughly prepare for the significant dietary and lifestyle changes required by such a procedure. She gradually increased the size of her meal portions which significantly increased the volume containment of her stomach. An unscrupulous physician performed a second bypass surgery on Mary, essentially removing most of her gastric tissue. Which of the following would Mary likely demonstrate? A) pernicious anemia due to lack of intrinsic factor B) diarrhea due to the absence of bile salt C) protein malnutrition due to insufficient production of pepsinogen D) dehydration due to lack of water absorption E) more than one of the above answersarrow_forward3c.) Now, diagram below the internal structure of each villus Make sure to carefully depict the microvilli brush border and the system of vessels within each villus. Identify in your drawing the path taken by water-soluble versus fat-soluble nutrients once absorbed in the intestinal villi. (arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning