Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The formation of
Concept introduction:
The replacement or substitution of one
The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge or have a deficiency of electrons are known as an electrophile.
In an electrophilic
In electrophilic aromatic substitution, if the ring bears several substituents, then the orientation is controlled by the most activating substituent.
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Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
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- Write the etherification reactions of isopropyl bromide and 2-bromo-1-nitropropane with phenol . Which reaction takes place faster and why?arrow_forwardIn an aqueous solution containing sodium bicarbonate, aniline reacts quickly with bromine to give 2,4,6-tribromoaniline. Nitration of aniline requires very strong conditions, however, and the yields (mostly m-nitroaniline) are poor.Explain why nitration of aniline is so sluggish and why it gives mostly metasubstitution.arrow_forwardWhat would the major organic reaction product be from the reaction of 1-bromo-1-methylcyclopentane withsodium hydroxide? Would the elimination reaction outcome be affected if a student accidentally adds sodium tertbutoxide instead of sodium hydroxide?arrow_forward
- Because bromocyclohexane is a secondary alkyl halide, both cyclohexanol and cyclohexene are formed when the alkyl halide reacts with hydroxide ion. Suggest a method to synthesize cyclohexanol from bromocyclohexane that forms little or no cyclohexene.arrow_forwardThe following reaction was performed as part of a research program sponsored by the National Institutes of Health to develop therapeutic agents for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Using what you have seen about the reactions of halogens with alkenes, propose a mechanism for this process.arrow_forwardWhen 2-bromo-2-methylbutane is treated with a base, a mixture of 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1- butene is produced. When potassium hydroxide is the base, 2-methyl-1-butene accounts for 45% of the product mixture. However, when potassium tert-butoxide is the base, 2-methyl-1-butene accounts for 70% of the product mixture. What percent of 2-methyl-1-butene would be in the mixture if potassium propoxide were the base? base Br A. Less than 45% B. C. 45% Between 45% and 70% D. More than 70%arrow_forward
- A student added an equivalent of 3,4-epoxy-4-methylcyclohexanol to a solution of methylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether, and then added dilute hydrochloric acid. He expected that the product would be 1,2-dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanediol. He did not get any of the expected product. What product did he get?arrow_forward1. When cyclopentene is allowed to react with bromine in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, the products of the reaction are trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane, trans-1-bromo-2-chlorocyclopentane, and trans-2-bromo-1-cyclopentanol. Write mechanisms to account for the formation of all these products.arrow_forward7. Compound X is an alcohol. Upon oxidation by acidify potassium permanganate, a ketone, Y is formed. X reacts with phosphorous bromide (PBR3) to give Z which is then purified and reflux in dry ether along with Mg metal to form a Grignard reagent, S. S is then treated with Y to yield 3,4-di methyl-3-hexanol after hydrolysis in dilute HCI. Identify X,Y, Z and S. Write all the chemical equations for the reaction involved.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning