Chapter 23, Problem 23.67P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition has to be proposed for step 1,2,3 and 5.

Concept introduction:

Hydrogenolysis: Amine or alcohol reaction with H₂ in the presence of a transition Metal catalyst gives the corresponding amine or alcohol.

Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis. Nitronium ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{+}}\right)$ is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{+}}\right)$ is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism is to be proposed for iodination of 3-aminobenzoic acid.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution reaction: a reaction in which the hydrogen atom in the aromatic ring is replaced by the electrophiles by electrophilic attack on the aromatic ring. halogenation reaction is one of the substitution reactions.

Halogenations on benzene:

Halogenation is one of the electrophilic substitution reactions. Halogens reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) which gives the corresponding halogenated compound.