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- A C¬D (carbon–deuterium) bond is electronically much like a C¬H bond, and it has a similar stiffness, measured bythe spring constant, k. The deuterium atom has twice the mass (m) of a hydrogen atom, however.(a) The infrared absorption frequency is approximately proportional to 1k>m, when one of the bonded atoms is muchheavier than the other, and m is the lighter of the two atoms (H or D in this case). Use this relationship to calculate theIR absorption frequency of a typical C¬D bond. Use 3000 cm-1as a typical C¬H absorption frequency.(b) A chemist dissolves a sample in deuterochloroform (CDCl3) and then decides to take the IR spectrum and simplyevaporates most of the CDCl3. What functional group will appear to be present in this IR spectrum as a result of theCDCl3 impurity?9. Consider the ethyl iodide molecule, CH CH₂, which of the statements below is correct? (A) CH, protons are more deshielded. (B) The energy gap between a and ß spin states of CH₂ protons is smaller than the counterpart of CH; protons. (C) The electronegative element I shields the CH₂ protons. (D) None of the above.Lead is determined by atomic absorption at 283.3 nm, whereas it is determined at 405.8 nm by flame emission. Explain why the most sensitive line is different for these two methods.
- (a) Draw a Lewis diagram for formaldehyde (H,CO), and decide the hybridization of the central carbon atom. (b) Formulate the molecular orbitals for the molecule. (c) A strong absorption is observed in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum and is attributed to a → T* transition. Another, weaker transition is observed at9) The vibrational frequency of gaseous HCl occurs at 2885 cm¹ in the IR spectrum. What is the energy E, of this radiation in joules? a) 5.73 x 10-20 J b) 8.24 x 10-19 J c) 6.48 x 10-21 J d) 1.80 x 10-19 JDeduce the symmetry of the vibrational modes of the molecule XeCl4. It would be possible identify the geometry of this compound (planar square or tetrahedral) using the vibrational spectroscopy technique? Explain using the concept of group theory.
- Covalent bonds in a molecule absorb radiation in the IR region and vibrate at characteristic frequencies. (a) The C---O bond absorbs radiation of wavelength 9.6 mm. What frequency (in s-1) corresponds to that wavelength? (b) The H---Cl bond has a frequency of vibration of 8.652x1013 Hz. What wavelength (in mm) corresponds to that frequency?C8H8O produces an IR spectrum with 3063, 1686, 1646 cm signals. HNMR is a singlet at 2.6ppm (3H), and multiplet at 7.5 (5H). What is the productSketch the ¹H and ¹0B spectra of the tetrahedral anion ¹⁰BHï. (¹ºB has I = 3)
- 2. (a) Calculate the spin only magnetic moment of: 0= V O SO₂66 892 41 State which of the following molecules are infrared active and justify your answer: H2, CO2, F2 , H2O , N2 , NO , O2 , N20 , C6H6 (benzene). Calculate the energy required for an amide stretch at 3300 cm 1, giving your answer in kJ mol-1. Velocity of Light, c = 3 x 10® ms1 Planck's Constant, h = 6.63 x 10-34 J s Avogadro number, NA = 6.02 x 1023 mol1 %3D DFocus BE13C NMR spectroscopy provides valuable information about the environments of a molecule's carbon atoms. Since carbon atoms are often connected to hydrogen atoms, which could split the carbon signal through spin-spin coupling, the coupling between C and H is often "turned off" through the use of broadband decoupling, causing each C signal to appear as a singlet. Draw an isomer of C5H11Cl that would be expected to have four resonances in its 13C NMR spectra.