Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2.3, Problem 15CYP
Summary Introduction
To analyse:
Different types of
Introduction:
All life processes occur because of chemical reactions taking place in the cell. Based on the nature and type of reactants and products in a reaction, they can be classified into different types.
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13) Describe an analogy to distinguish between endergonic and exergonic chemical
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4. a. What is the abbreviated name for the molecule below? (3 letters)
What is the abbreviated name of this molecule if it has two phosphates?
is the abbreviated name of this molecule if it has one phosphate?
answers above, circle the form of the molecule that has the most energy.
What type of energy is in this molecule? circle all that apply:(KINETIC / POTENTIAL /
CHEMICAL) Where is the energy?
b. Identify the three main parts of this molecule. (write on the red brackets i-iii)
c. Parts ii and iii together make
i.
NH₂
N
Bas
OH OH
ii
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(be specific) The general name for this type of monomer is a
e. Put arrows by the two high energy bonds on the molecule above.
Explain why these functional groups are difficult to join.
HO
1.
OH ОН
ОН
(blue vertical bracket)
What
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f. Compared to "low energy" bonds,
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1ELOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 3ELOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 4ELOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 5ELOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 5CYP
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 6ELOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 9ELOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 11ELOCh. 2.2 - 7. Explain how the concepti of molecules and...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 8CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 10CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 2.3 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 2.3 - 13. Explain solutes, solvents, and hydration.Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 2.3 - 15. Describe the pH scale and how it was derived;...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 15CYPCh. 2.3 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 2.3 - 17. What properties of water make it an effective...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 2.3 - 19. What determines whether a substance is an acid...Ch. 2.4 - 16. Describe the chemistry of carbon and the...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 17ELOCh. 2.4 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 2.4 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 2.4 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 2.4 - Prob. 22CYPCh. 2.4 - 23. What are functional groups?Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 24CYPCh. 2.5 - 19. Define carbohydrate and know the functional...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 2.5 - 21. Discuss the functions of carbohydrates in...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 25CYPCh. 2.5 - Prob. 26CYPCh. 2.5 - 27. What are some of the functions of...Ch. 2.6 - 22. Define lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid,...Ch. 2.6 - 23. Describe how an ester bond is formed.Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 24ELOCh. 2.6 - 28. Draw simple structural molecules of...Ch. 2.7 - 25. Describe the structures of peptides and...Ch. 2.7 - 26. Characterize the four levels of protein...Ch. 2.7 - 27. Summarize some of the essential functions of...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 29CYPCh. 2.7 - 30. Differentiate between a peptide, a...Ch. 2.7 - 31. Explain what causes the various levels of...Ch. 2.7 - 32. What functions do proteins perform in a cell?Ch. 2.8 - 28. Identify a nucleic acid and differentiate...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 29ELOCh. 2.8 - 30. Explain how the DNA code may be copied, and...Ch. 2.8 - 33. Describe a nucleotide and a polynucleotide,...Ch. 2.8 - 34. Name the two purines and the three...Ch. 2.8 - 35. What are the functions of RNA?Ch. 2.8 - 36.What is ATP, and how does it function in cells?Ch. 2.L1 - 1. The smallest unit of matter with unique...Ch. 2.L1 - 2. The charge of a proton is exactly balanced by...Ch. 2.L1 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 2.L1 - 8. An atom that can donate electrons during a...Ch. 2.L1 - 9. In a solution of NaCl and water, NaCl is the...Ch. 2.L1 - 10. A solution with a pH of 2 than a solution with...Ch. 2.L1 - 11. Fructose is a type of a. disaccharide b....Ch. 2.L1 - 6. Bonds in which atoms share electrons are...Ch. 2.L1 - 13. How is our understanding of microbiology...Ch. 2.L1 - 14. A phospholipid contains a. three fatty acids...Ch. 2.L1 - 15. Proteins are synthesized by linking amino...Ch. 2.L1 - 16. The amino acid that accounts for disulfide...Ch. 2.L1 - 17. DNA is a hereditary molecule that is composed...Ch. 2.L1 - 18. What is meant by the term DMA replication? a....Ch. 2.L1 - 19. Proteins can function as a. enzymes b....Ch. 2.L1 - 20. RNA plays an important role in what biological...Ch. 2.L1 - 1. Which of the following has not been a major...Ch. 2.L1 - 2. What was a significant result of the Mars...Ch. 2.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 3WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 2.L1 - 6. Why are hydrogen bonds relatively weak?Ch. 2.L1 - 7. What kind of substances will be expected to be...Ch. 2.L1 - Prob. 8WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 9WCCh. 2.L1 - 10. What makes the amino acids distinctive, and...Ch. 2.L1 - Prob. 11WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 12WCCh. 2.L1 - 6. Bonds in which atoms share electrons are...Ch. 2.L2 - Prob. 1CTCh. 2.L2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 2.L2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 2.L2 - 4. Distinguish between polar and ionic compounds.Ch. 2.L2 - 5. Is galactose an aldehyde or a ketone sugar?Ch. 2.L2 - 6. a. How many water molecules are released when a...Ch. 2.L2 - Prob. 7CTCh. 2.L2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 2.L2 - Prob. 1VC
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- 1. a. What is the abbreviated name for the molecule below? (3 letters) What is the abbreviated name of this molecule if it has two phosphates? What is the abbreviated name of this molecule if it has one phosphate? From your answers above, circle the form of the molecule that has the most energy. What type of energy is this? circle all that apply: (KINETIC / POTENTIAL / CHEMICAL) Where is the energy? b. Identify the three main parts of this molecule. (write on the red brackets i-iii) c. Parts ii and ii together make (blue vertical bracket) ii. NH2 НО-Р ОН ОН ОН ОН ОН iii d. What is the specific name for this molecule? e. This molecule is also a monomer building block of which biomolecule (be specific) The general name for this type of monomer is 2. a. Put arrows by the two high energy bonds on the molecule above. Explain why these functional groups are difficult to join. (hint: these are acids. Circle the H that will be donated at cellular pH). (MORE / LESS/ the SAME amount of) energy…arrow_forward(b) Explain each of the following in terms of the properties of water. You are not limited to the three properties discussed in part (a): • the role of water as a medium for the metabolic processes of cells • the ability of water to moderate temperature within living organisms and in organisms' environment • the movement of water from the roots to the leaves of plants B IU x2 X, 5 ¢ Ω 0/10000 Word Limitarrow_forward2a) explain the difference between the net free energy change of a reaction and the activation energy of the same reactionarrow_forward
- B A E D Reaction Progress Potential Energyarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between biochemical, pharmaceutical, and diagnostic chemical reactions? What is a specific example that exists for each and why might they be important to healthcare professionals? List a balanced chemical equation for each and explain how it is used in your example above.arrow_forward(b) Explain each of the following in terms of the properties of water. You are not limited to the three properties discussed in part (a): • the role of water as a medium for the metabolic processes of cells • the ability of water to moderate temperature within living organisms and in organisms' environment • the movement of water from the roots to the leaves of plants B IU 0/1arrow_forward
- (b) Explain each of the following in terms of the properties of water. You are not limited to the three properties discussed in part (a): •the role of water as a medium for the metabolic processes of cells the ability of water to moderate temperature within living organisms and in organisms' environment • the movement of water from the roots to the leaves of plants B IUX² x, 3 ¢ 0/1 IIarrow_forward1. Which of the following forms of energy is correctly paired with its definition? a. Thermal energy - the energy in a system due to its temperature b. Potential energy - the energy associated with an object's motion c. Kinetic energy - the stored energy of an object due to its position d. Chemical energy - the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature 2. Which of the following summarizes the first law of thermodynamics? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. c. The total entropy of a system increases over time. d. Two systems that are in equilibrium with a third system are in equilibrium with one another 3. Which of the following is a thermodynamic quantity that combines enthalpy and entropy? a. Maximum enthalpy b. Minimum enthalpy c. Grand entropy d. Free energy 4. The Δ G value for the formation of gaseous water at 25°C and 1.0 atm is −228 kJ/mol. Given this…arrow_forwardWhat is the most common form of kinetic energy that is released from chemical energy in chemical reactions?arrow_forward
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