Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 23ESP
Summary Introduction

To determine: The factors that can be considered while interpreting the results of GWAS.

Introduction: Yeager, M. et al., and Sladek, R. et al. have used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify the novel risk loci for prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes, respectively, in genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

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Price et al. (1999. J. Bacteriol. 181: 2358–2362) conducted a genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Within the 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five point mutations—two missense and three synonyms—among different isolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979 revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotide changes among ten victims. The authors concluded that these data indicate little or no horizontal transfer between different B. anthracis strains. (a) Which types of nucleotide changes (missense or synonyms) cause amino acid changes? (b) What is meant by horizontal transfer? (c) On what basis did the authors conclude that evidence of horizontal transfer is absent from their data?
Describe how HpaII and MspI can be used to determine if a given DNA sequence is methylated. Any limitations associated with these enzymes in Amyloid-β alters the DNA methylation status of cell-fate genes in an Alzheimer’s disease model paper. Taher, N., McKenzie, C., Garrett, R., Baker, M., Fox, N., & Isaacs, G. D. (2014). Amyloid-β alters the DNA methylation status of cell-fate genes in an Alzheimer’s disease model. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease: JAD, 38(4), 831–844. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-131061
Researchers in search of loci in the human genome that arelikely to contribute to the constellation of factors leading tohypertension have compared candidate loci in humans and rats[Stoll, M., et al. (2000). New Target Regions for Human Hypertensionvia Comparative Genomics. Genome Res. 10:473–482].Through this research, they identified 26 chromosomal regionsthat they consider likely to contain hypertension genes. Howcan comparative genomics aid in the identification of genesresponsible for such a complex human disease? The researchersstate that comparisons of rat and human candidate loci tothose in the mouse may help validate their studies. Why mightthis be so?
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8C - How to do genetic analysis; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIa7nPyGn4s;License: CC-BY