HUMAN BIOLOGY
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781260233032
Author: Mader
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 1TC
What are the advantages of using a recombinant DNA human product instead of a product isolated from another organism? (For example, what advantage would there be to using human recombinant insulin versus insulin produced from cows or pigs?)
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Consider the following experiment. First, large populations of two mutant strains of Escherichia coli are mixed, each requiring a different, single amino acid. After plating them onto a minimal medium, 45 colonies grew. Which of the following may explain this result?
A) The colonies may be due to back mutation (reversion).
B) The colonies may be due to recombination.
C) Either A or B is possible.
D) Neither A nor B is possible.
What are the advantages of using a recombinant DNA product from a human source instead of a product isolated from another organism?
Taxol is a compound used in cancer treatment. You are working for Genentech on a project to optimize the production of taxol purified from recombinant E. coli bacteria. You have two new strains of SuperGro E. coli: Strain A and Strain B, that you have engineered to express taxol. You want to know which of the two SuperGro E. coli strains is better to use for purifying taxol based on the amount you purify (measured by final concentration of protein in mg/mL). You also want to know which growth media (LB Media or SOC Media) results in a higher amount of purified taxol. You collect data and plot the average final concentration of taxol from each experimental condition in the graph below.
Use the approach we discussed in class and write your analysis and interpretation of the data (describe the graph, describe the data, and interpret the data). Make sure to give clear and complete descriptions.
A. Describe the graph:
B. Describe the data:
C. Describe the interpretation:
Chapter 22 Solutions
HUMAN BIOLOGY
Ch. 22.1 - Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 22.1 - Prob. 4LOCh. 22.1 - Prob. 1BTSCh. 22.1 - Prob. 2BTSCh. 22.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 22.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 22.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 22.1 - Prob. 4CYP
Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 22.2 - Identify the various means of gene regulation in a...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.3 - Understand the goals of genome editingCh. 22.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1BTHCh. 22.3 - If not everyone, do you think that convicted...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 3BTHCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1BTSCh. 22.3 - What types of diseases might not be treatable...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 22.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 22.3 - Summarize the reasons genetically modified...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 1BTSCh. 22.4 - Prob. 2BTSCh. 22.4 - Prob. 3BTSCh. 22.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 22 - Prob. 1ACh. 22 - Prob. 2ACh. 22 - 3. RNA is different from DNA in which of the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4ACh. 22 - Prob. 5ACh. 22 - Prob. 6ACh. 22 - Prob. 7ACh. 22 - Prob. 8ACh. 22 - Prob. 9ACh. 22 - Prob. 10ACh. 22 - Prob. 11ACh. 22 - Prob. 12ACh. 22 - What are the advantages of using a recombinant DNA...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2TCCh. 22 - Prob. 3TCCh. 22 - Prob. 4TCCh. 22 - Prob. 5TC
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- Recombinant bacteria can produce hormones that are normally produced in humans. Briefly describe how this is accomplished.arrow_forwardWhat is an advantage of using recombinant DNA to make proteins such as insulin, human growth hormone, or blood-clotting factors?arrow_forwardFor what purposes is DNA extraction done? (give at least 3 purposes for which you may need to extract DNA)arrow_forward
- Is the DNA you extracted is pure? What are the possible impurities? What can we do with the DNA once we have purified it? Discuss different techniques and technologies associated with this. Imagine that there is an E. coli outbreak in your area, and you would like to test the kangkong from your local grocery store. How could you modify this protocol to extract DNA from the kangkong (to identify the species) and check for presence or absence of E. coli.? Keep in mind that (i) E. coli is free-living and not an endosymbiont, and (ii) plant cells are encased in both a cell membrane and cell wall.arrow_forwardRecombinant protein production by a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain is proportional to cell growth. Ammonia is used as a nitrogen source for aerobic glucose respiration. The recombinant protein has the general formula CH1,55O0,31N0,25, while that of the cellular biomass is CH1,77O0,49N0,24. The biomass yield from glucose equals 0.50 g/g, while the recombinant protein yield from glucose corresponds to 20% of the cell yield from substrate.a) How much ammonia is required? What is the oxygen demand? (b) If the biomass yield remains the same, what are the ammonia and oxygen requirements for a wild-type strain of E. coli, with cell biomass of the same elemental composition, but unable to synthesize the recombinant protein? (c) On an industrial scale, cultivation takes place in a continuous fermenter at 28°C and the desired recombinant protein production rate is 7 g/h. Since the viscosity of the culture broth is considerable, the energy input due to agitation cannot be neglected.…arrow_forwardThe idea behind PCR-based diagnostics is that a very small number of microbial genomes in a patient sample can be multiplied by PCR and more easily detected by the clinical team managing the patient’s care. Also, genetic-based diagnostics are very useful for viral infections because we don’t have biochemical tests, etc. to distinguish one virus from another (remember, viruses are metabolically inactive). However, a lot of work goes into the development of these tests. For instance, PCR requires primers that are complementary to the viral genome that is being copied. If primers are complementary to the target genome, what must scientists know to design primers that bind to the viral genome to be copied? (I mean this to be a general question; don’t look up the details of designing primers)arrow_forward
- Let’s suppose you make a transposon library of the cellulose-secreting bacterium Komagataeibacter xylinus, with the goal of finding mutants that produce higher than normal amounts of cellulose, which would be useful industrially. However, despite your best efforts you are unable to isolate any transposon mutants that make more cellulose than the wild-type strain.Why might this have failed? List as many reasons as you can think of.arrow_forwardWe have two specific strains of E. coli that have shown horizontal gene transfer (HGT) when mixed. To experimentally determine the method of HGT that is happening, the following conditions are set up in different tubes of culture media: A) Donor and recipient strain mixed together (control - no treatment). B) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, DNase added (can digest DNA in solution, not within cells).C) Special tube containing a membrane filter (with pores that allow DNA and viruses to pass through, but not bacterial cells) that separates two compartments. Donor strain is added on one side, the recipient strain on the other (they are separated by the filter).D) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, with chemical that inactivates viruses (chemical affects bacteriophages in solution so they are unable to attach to cells). The results: Tubes A, B, and D: HGT was observed. Tube C: HGT was NOT observed. Based on this, which type of HGT was occurring? Conjugation,…arrow_forwardIn a process of production of a recombinant protein by E. coli cells, it was observed accumulation of acetate in the culture medium. In this situation, it can be said that: (a) certainly the process in question was being conducted in anaerobiosis (B).Acetate accumulation is advantageous for the process as the acetate formation reaction generates 1 molecule of ATP (c)Knowing that decreasing the temperature of the process causes a reduction in the rate of glycolysis, this could be a strategy to reduce the accumulation of acetate (d).the acetate formed can be re-assimilated by the cell if the glyoxylate pathway is activated at some point in the culturearrow_forward
- DNA from a strain of bacteria with genotype a+ b+ c+ d+ e+ was isolated and used to transform a strain of bacteria that was a− b− c− d− e−. The transformants were tested for the presence of donated genes. The following genes were cotransformed: a+ and d+ b+ and e+ c+ and d+ c+ and e+ What is the order of genes a, b, c, d, and e on the bacterial chromosome?arrow_forwardChoose the correct statements from the list below. There may be more than one correct statement. A) If you start with 2 DNA templates, after four rounds of PCR you'll have 32 copies B) PCR is useful in making millions or billions of copies of a gene so that it is present in a quantity large enough to study C) quantitative PCR is very similar to PCR, but fluorescent probes are added so that we can measure how much PCR product exists by examining how much the reaction fluoresces D) In real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, the RNA is used as a template to make a cDNA copy (through reverse transcriptase)arrow_forwardWhat are some important safety and ethical issues raised by this use of recombinant DNA technology?arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license