In a process of production of a recombinant protein by E. coli cells, it was observed accumulation of acetate in the culture medium. In this situation, it can be said that:
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In a process of production of a recombinant protein by E. coli cells, it was observed accumulation of acetate in the culture medium. In this situation, it can be said that:
(a) certainly the process in question was being conducted in anaerobiosis
(B).Acetate accumulation is advantageous for the process as the acetate formation reaction generates 1 molecule of ATP
(c)Knowing that decreasing the temperature of the process causes a reduction in the rate of glycolysis, this could be a strategy to reduce the accumulation of acetate
(d).the acetate formed can be re-assimilated by the cell if the glyoxylate pathway is activated at some point in the culture
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- In the Avery, McLeod, McCarty Experiment where supernatant from heat killed, virulent S Strain pneumonia solutions were added to non-virulent R Strain pneumonia cell cultures and allowed to grow in liquid media (i.e., broth). In tubes where Protease was added to the supernatant prior to cell culture, what was the observed effect when plating and growing the S. pneumonia cells to solid media?Various antimicrobial drugs to treat microbial infection have diverse mechanism of action. Consider the following antimicrobial drugs: A. Seconeolitsine, known as DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor in bacteria. (i) Explain briefly how inhibiting DNA topoisomerase I is a good mechanism of action for an antibiotic, include possible molecular machineries being targeted. (ii) What would be an appropriate response if seconeolitsine works well by stating the state of supercoiling in bacteria. (iii) To prove your answer (ii), you test the condition of bacterial DNA by running gel electrophoresis, one has been treated with seconeolitsine (+ sample) and the other one is not (- sample). Explain the position of each + sample and – sample band on the gel in reference to the point of origin (where you load your samples) or how far each DNA sample travel across agarose gel. (iv) Explain why you would expect answer (iii) for each + sample and – sample. B.…In the Avery, McLeod, McCarty Experiment where supernatant from heat killed, virulent S Strain pneumonia solutions were added to non-virulent R Strain pneumonia cell cultures and allowed to grow in liquid media (i.e., broth). In tubes where Protease was added to the supernatant prior to cell culture, what was the observed effect when plating and growing the S. pneumonia cells to solid media? Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b C d e All RNA was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All Protein was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All DNA was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All RNA was degraded and no Transformation occurred indicating RNA is the molecule of Transformation inheritance None of the above are true
- We have two specific strains of E. coli that have shown horizontal gene transfer (HGT) when mixed. To experimentally determine the method of HGT that is happening, the following conditions are set up in different tubes of culture media: A) Donor and recipient strain mixed together (control - no treatment). B) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, DNase added (can digest DNA in solution, not within cells).C) Special tube containing a membrane filter (with pores that allow DNA and viruses to pass through, but not bacterial cells) that separates two compartments. Donor strain is added on one side, the recipient strain on the other (they are separated by the filter).D) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, with chemical that inactivates viruses (chemical affects bacteriophages in solution so they are unable to attach to cells). The results: Tubes A, B, and D: HGT was observed. Tube C: HGT was NOT observed. Based on this, which type of HGT was occurring? Conjugation,…Regarding the cultivation of animal cells in vitro, it is correct to state that: *(Only one statement is correct) a) Transformed cells differ from normal and established cells in that they have the ability to proliferate indefinitely in culture b) Transformed cells derive from isolated and dissected tumors, constituting cell lines that have limited cultivation time c) The genetic instability presented in normal cells makes them preferential models for the production of recombinant proteins d) Cells cultured in adhesion must be periodically expanded, through the use of enzymes such as trypsin e) The metabolism of carbon sources in the culture medium by animal cells generates products such as lactate, which positively influence their productivityA high cell density culture of recombinant E. coli was carried out according to the following strategy:-Step 1: single batch with exponential growth until 98% conversion of the substrate, starting from V0= 4.0 L, S0=50 g/L/ X0= 1.0 g/LStep 2: batch fed with exponential flow (SF-800 g/L, μ= 0.1 h-1) until reaching X= 50.9 g/L;Step 3: batch fed with constant flow (F= 0.1 L/h) for 4 hours (induction phase with IPTG)Note: consider that the quasi-steady state is reached in both fed-batch stages.Extra data: YX/S = 0.4 gx/gs; μmax= 0.25 h-1; Ks== 1.0 g/L a) What was the cell concentration reached at the end of step 1?b) For step 3, considering that the substrate concentration in the feed was 1/4 of that used in step 2, what was the concentration of cells reached at the end of step 3?C) In terms of cell productivity, which of the three phases of cultivation was the most productive?
- You have isolated a beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus (not a MRSA strain) from an infected surgical site on your patient. If for genetic reasons, your patient is allergic to all antibiotics except beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin ( they can only take Beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin), which strategy below could you use to treat this Staphylococcus aureus infection in your patient? Note different answers compared to previous question. give the patient erythromycin can use a beta-lactamse resistant beta-lactam such as methicillin or oxacillin O give the patient penicillin give the patient an azole drugIt is desired to isolate genomic DNA from liquid culture of S. cerevisiae yeast. A commercial kit will be used to isolate genomic DNA from this liquid culture. Answer the following questions to understand the strategy used by commercial kits for genomic DNA isolation. a) List all the steps from cell pellet preparation to DNA elution. b) With which feature can the membrane in the column that comes with the commercial kit bind DNA? c) Which component in the kit would you use to recover the DNA from the membrane of the column to which the DNA was attached?1) The inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus was studied in pomegranate juice heated at 75°- 95°C. The slopes for the inactivation of this bacteria were calculated from the linear lines in semi-log graphical paper. The slope values were presented in Table 1. a) Determine the temperature change needed to inactivate this bacteria by 90%. b) Temperature change to inactivate Bacillus cereus in pomegranate juice by 90% at the same temperature range was 29°F. At 75°-95°C temperature range, which bacteria will be more affected by the temperature changes? Commend on your answer in one sentence Table 1- Slope values for the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in pomegranate juice heated at various temperature Temp. (°C) 75 80 85 95 -Slope x 10² (min-¹) 2.222 3.704 5.000 13.158
- A graduate student was assaying LD50 (lethal dose 50%) of two temperature-sensitive Francisella tularensis strains in HeLa cells (human cell line). Both strains can infect humans and cause fatal tularemia if untreated, but it is difficult to obtain LD50 values in human subjects. The data below shows LD50 (lethal dose 50%) values of the strains in human cell culture. Can you predict the more virulent strain of the two human pathogens? Francisella tularensis strain A: LD50 @ 20°C= 100; LD50 @ 37°C= 1000 Francisella tularensis strain B: LD50 @ 20°C= 1000 LD 50 @ 37°C= 100 O It is not possible to determine the virulence of the two strains as human pathogens from the provided data Strain A and strain B are equally virulent as human pathogens, as they average out in virulence. O Strain A is more virulent than strain A as a human pathogen. O Strain B is more virulent than strain A as a human pathogen.A graduate student was assaying LD50 (lethal dose 50%) of two temperature-sensitive Francisella tularensis strains in HeLa cells (human cell line). Both strains can infect humans and cause fatal tularemia if untreated, but it is difficult to obtain LD50 values in human subjects. The data below shows LD50 (lethal dose 50%) values of the strains in human cell culture. Can you predict the more virulent strain of the two human pathogens? Francisella tularensis strain A: LD50 @ 20∘C= 100; LD50 @ 37∘C= 1000 Francisella tularensis strain B: LD50 @ 20∘C= 1000 LD50 @ 37∘C= 100 Group of answer choices It is not possible to determine the virulence of the two strains as human pathogens from the provided data Strain A and strain B are equally virulent as human pathogens, as they average out in virulence. Strain A is more virulent than strain A as a human pathogen. Strain B is more virulent than strain A as a human pathogen.In your laboratory, you have an F− strain of E. coli that is resistantto streptomycin and is unable to metabolize lactose, but it can metabolizeglucose. Therefore, this strain can grow on a medium thatcontains glucose and streptomycin, but it cannot grow on a mediumcontaining lactose. A researcher has sent you two E. colistrains in two separate tubes. One strain, let’s call it strain A, hasan F′ factor (an F prime factor) that carries the genes that are requiredfor lactose metabolism. On its chromosome, it also has thegenes that are required for glucose metabolism. However, it is sensitiveto streptomycin. This strain can grow on a medium containinglactose or glucose, but it cannot grow if streptomycin is addedto the medium. The second strain, let’s call it strain B, is an F−strain. On its chromosome, it has the genes that are required forlactose and glucose metabolism. Strain B is also sensitive to streptomycin.Unfortunately, when strains A and B were sent to you, thelabels had fallen…
