Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 1Q
You have isolated a toxin from a previously undiscovered poisonous snake. You believe that it binds to sodium channels in nerve cell membranes that are normally tightly regulated, keeping them permanently open. Explain how you could use patch clamping to test your idea, using one of the specific variants of the patch-clamp technique in your answer.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A group of researchers have isolated three novel compounds from the venom of a newly discovered species of wasp. Based on their structure and protein chemistry, the researchers believe that all three compounds may have strong anti-inflammatory activity and they have devised an experiment to test whether their compounds can reduce muscle damage after exercise. They plan to induce muscle damage in mice by causing repeated eccentric contractions (by running them downhill on a treadmill), and then examine the amount of inflammation in the muscles of their mice 24hrs later. They will use the following treatment groups:
Sample 1) no treatment (control)
Sample 2) 1mg/kg of Compound ‘A’
Sample 3) 1mg/kg of Compound ‘B’, and;
Sample 4) 1mg/kg of Compound ‘C’.
They perform their experiment and analyse their results using ANOVA followed by a post-hoc test. The results are as follows: (IMAGE ATTACHED)
QUESTION IS: Based on this report (and assuming that none of the compounds significantly…
A group of researchers have isolated three novel compounds from the venom of a newly discovered species of wasp. Based on their structure and protein chemistry, the researchers believe that all three compounds may have strong anti-inflammatory activity and they have devised an experiment to test whether their compounds can reduce muscle damage after exercise. They plan to induce muscle damage in mice by causing repeated eccentric contractions (by running them downhill on a treadmill), and then examine the amount of inflammation in the muscles of their mice 24hrs later. They will use the following treatment groups:
Sample 1) no treatment (control)
Sample 2) 1mg/kg of Compound ‘A’
Sample 3) 1mg/kg of Compound ‘B’, and;
Sample 4) 1mg/kg of Compound ‘C’.
They perform their experiment and analyse their results using ANOVA followed by a post-hoc test. The results are as follows: (IMAGE ATTCAHED)
QUESTION IS: Having selected which of their compounds seems the most promising, the…
Imagine being on the TV show Survivor of the Smartest and you are stuck on an island with only a few tools. You are given a bow, 1 arrow, and two vials. One is labeled ‘Na Pump antagonist’ and the other is labeled ‘Na Channel agonist’. The arrows are to capture food, of course. You are an average shot! What will you coat the arrow tips with and why? Please, if you are not a meat eater then pretend that you can trade the meat for a bean burrito!
Chapter 22 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 22 - Ouabain is an African plant derivative that has...Ch. 22 - You have isolated a toxin from a previously...Ch. 22 - The poison produced by some species of Central and...Ch. 22 - Drugs that affect the reuptake of...Ch. 22 - The Truth About Nerve Cells. For each of the...Ch. 22 - QUANTITATIVE The Resting Membrane Potential. The...Ch. 22 - QUANTITATIVE Patch Clamping. Patch-clamp...Ch. 22 - The Equilibrium Potential. Answer each of the...Ch. 22 - QUANTITATIVE Heart Throbs. An understanding of...Ch. 22 - The All-or-None Response of Membrane Excitation. A...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The tetanus toxin tetanospasmin blocks release of the neurotransmitter (GABA) that inhibits motor neurons and decreases muscle contraction. This causes persistence of the signal to contract and the resulting violent muscle contraction known as tetanic spasm. Compare the sustained contraction of muscle cells in rigor mortis with muscle contraction caused by the action of tetanospasmin on motor neurons. Describe experiments using marker molecules that have been done to elucidate important properties of (1) tight junctions and (2) gap junctions, and propose one additional experiment you could do with each junction to gain a greater understanding of that junction's properties.arrow_forwardPatch clamping can be used to measure the conductance properties of individual ion channels. Describe how patch clamping can be used to determine whether or not the gene coding for a putative K+ channel actually codes for a K+ or a Na+ channel.arrow_forwardWhich patch clamp technique should be used if you want to investigate the effect a compound has presynaptically with varying concentration?arrow_forward
- If you are adding presynaptic or post synaptic inhibitors into outside- out patch clamp and whole cell clamp respectively, would the add the inhibitor into the solution or through the micro electrode?arrow_forwardConotoxin is produced by marine cone snails. Among its effects is to block voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in n eurons. A. What anatomical part of a neuron would be affected by conotoxin? B. How would the neuron's action potential be affected by conotoxin? Explain, using at least TWO of the following terms: threshold, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, summation, IPSP, EPSP, exocytosis C. If conotoxin affected a somatic motor neuron, would this toxin cause muscle weakness or increased muscle tension? Explain why.arrow_forwardClostridium tetani toxin blocks the exocytosis of GABA. A. What anatomical part of a pre-synaptic neuron would be affected by this? B. How would a post-synaptic neuron’s likelihood of experiencing an action potential be affected by this toxin? C. Explain, using at least TWO of the following terms: threshold, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, summation, IPSP, EPSP, exocytosisarrow_forward
- One of the characteristics of botulinum toxin (the cause of 'botulism') is a very specific protease activity, i.e., the toxin can cleave (cut), and thereby render nonfunctional, a SNARE protein associated with neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles found in certain nerve terminals. Which of the following is the likely effect of this toxin on fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane (and subsequent neurotransmitter release)? a.) An increase in fusion events b.) a decrease in fusion events c.) no effect on fusion eventsarrow_forwardBelow is a figure from a 2015 paper that characterizes the effect of venom from the spider Selenocosmia hainana on voltage-gated sodium channels. According to the I-V curve (current-voltage curve) in Figure panel B, what is the effect of the venom on voltage-gated sodium channels? Current is on the y-axis and voltage is on the x-axis during an action potential. The figure legend denotes the concentration of the venom being applied. A C rHNTX-IV (10 μM) -rHNTX-IV (100 nM) Control Control 5 nA 10 ms r 5 nA 10 ms rHNTX- IV (10 μM) B D -80 -80 -60 -60 A -40 -40 V (mv) -20 V(mv) -20 be TOLF 2-6 I (NA) -8 ON -12 10 -12 -14 -8 -10 (NA) Control 100 nM — 10 μΜ 40 -Control -- 10 μM 40arrow_forwardAn investigator is studying the electrophysical properties of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells using microelectrodes. He measures the resting membrane potential of a cell to be -70 mV. The equilibrium potentials of different ions involved in generating the membrane potential are shown. ENa Ek Eca EM² Ecr +65 mV -85 mV +120 mV +10 mV -85 mV Which of the following is the most important contributor to the difference between the resting membrane potential and the equilibrium potential of potassium?arrow_forward
- Describe the steps of neurotransmitter release involving the proteins v-snare and t-snare.arrow_forwardThe Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: A. Knowing the amino acid sequence of this protein, what tool would you use to identify the membrane-spanning region? Explain how it works.arrow_forwardOne of the initial symptoms a person can have for COVID-19 is the lost of taste and smell. Give a potential mechanism, including which portion of the reflex arc is being impacted, of how COVID is able to have this impact. Use an online source to support your argument.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license