Below is a figure from a 2015 paper that characterizes the effect of venom from the spider Selenocosmia hainana on voltage-gated sodium channels. According to the I-V curve (current-voltage curve) in Figure panel B, what is the effect of the venom on voltage-gated sodium channels? Current is on the y-axis and voltage is on the x-axis during an action potential. The figure legend denotes the concentration of the venom being applied. A rHNTX-IV (10 μM) rHNTX-IV (100 nM) Control 5 nA 10 ms B -80 -60 V(mv) -40 -20 J -6 I (NA) -8 -10 -12 -Control -- 100 nM — 10 μM 40

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Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.