Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 22.6PS
The All-or-None Response of Membrane Excitation. A nerve cell membrane exhibits an all-or-none response to excitation; that is, the magnitude of the response is independent of the magnitude of the stimulus once a threshold value is exceeded.
(a) Explain in your own words why this is so.
(b) If every neuron exhibits an all-or-none response, how do you suppose the nervous system of an animal can distinguish different intensities of stimulation? How do you think your own nervous system can tell the difference between a warm iron and a hot iron or between a chamber orchestra and a rock band?
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membrane potential
-70mV
time
Which of the statements below describe a situation in which the change
in membrane potential above could cause the firing of an action
potential?
Select all that apply.
If the potential is counteracted by an IPSP.
If the neuron is in the relative refractory period.
If the potential is strong enough to bring the axon hillock to threshold.
If the potential is supplemented by a simultaneous (or near-
simultaneous) EPSP.
Neurons
a. How does the neuron re-establish its resting membrane potential after an action potential?
-Sodium (Na+) gated channels close
-Sodium (Na+) gated channels open
-Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) gated channels close
-Sodium/ potassium pumps (Na+/K+ pumps) exchange ions
b.Which of the ion channels utilizes a passive transport system (in other words, do not require ATP)? Mark all that apply.
-K+ leak channels
-K+ channels (gates)
-Na+ leak channels
-Na+ channels (gates)
-Na+/K+ pumps
c.The absolute refractory period occurs when the neuron is undergoing the action potential and implies it cannot be further stimulated.
True or False
d. After an action potential, as the neuron repolarizes, the resting membrane potential is immediately re-established
True or False
e.Match the type of gate or process with its overall effect on the neuron
So Match each term with the best-fit description.
Terms:
Na+/K+ pump
K+ voltage gate
Resting membrane potential
Hyperpolarization
Na+ voltage gate…
Chapter 22 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 22 - Ouabain is an African plant derivative that has...Ch. 22 - You have isolated a toxin from a previously...Ch. 22 - The poison produced by some species of Central and...Ch. 22 - Drugs that affect the reuptake of...Ch. 22 - The Truth About Nerve Cells. For each of the...Ch. 22 - QUANTITATIVE The Resting Membrane Potential. The...Ch. 22 - QUANTITATIVE Patch Clamping. Patch-clamp...Ch. 22 - The Equilibrium Potential. Answer each of the...Ch. 22 - QUANTITATIVE Heart Throbs. An understanding of...Ch. 22 - The All-or-None Response of Membrane Excitation. A...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Graph of membrane potential versus time The graph above represent time in milliseconds. At what time (in milliseconds) is the inside of the neuron the most positive and why? Explain why the membrane potential changes at X. Explain what is happening at point C to the sodium and potassium ions and how this is affecting the membrane potential. Describe two things that contribute to the resting membrane potential.arrow_forwardNerve transmission and communication with other neurons. DI it restores the membrane potential the chemical that talks between one neuron and the other neuron the point between the neuron and the muscle transmits impulse to dendrite it carries receptors on its surface it produces the neurotransmitter 1. Neurotransmitter 2. Presynaptic membrane 3. Postsynaptic membrane 4. Nat-K+ pump 5. Neuromuscular junction 6. Axonarrow_forwardDepolarisation & repolarisation in metaneuron - put the following events in order (from 1 to 4). Membrane potential crosses the threshold potential and an action potential is achieved. Depolarisation occurs when the applied current is sufficient to move membrane potential towards neutral. The neuron’s membrane potential drops below the initial resting membrane potential and temporarily becomes refractory to further action potentials. Membrane quickly repolarises by opening of K+ channels, allowing K+ions to leave the cell and charge separation to be re-established.arrow_forward
- Depolarisation & repolarisation in metaneuron - put the following events in order (from 1 to 4). Membrane potential crosses the threshold potential and an action potential is achieved. Depolarisation occurs when the applied current is sufficient to move membrane potential towards neutral. The neuron's membrane potential drops below the initial resting membrane potential and temporarily becomes refractory to further action potentials. Membrane quickly repolarises by opening of Kt channels, allowing K* ions to leave the cell and charge separation to be re-established.arrow_forwardNeuromuscular junction, also called myoneural junction, site of chemical communication between a nerve fibre and a muscle cell. The neuromuscular junction is analogous to the synapse between two neurons. A nerve fibre divides into many terminal branches; each terminal ends on a region of muscle fibre called the end plate. Synaptic Cleft is the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic cell. It is roughly the size of 30 nm. The synaptic cleft allows the neurotransmitters to diffuse and reach the other side of the synapse or the neuromuscular junction. It also contains enzymes for the degradation of the excess or extra neurotransmitters. Embedded in the end plate are thousands of receptors, which are long protein molecules that form channels through the membrane. Upon stimulation by a nerve impulse, the terminal releases the chemical neurotransmitter acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles. Acetylcholine then binds to the receptors, the channels open, and sodium ions flow into…arrow_forwardA critical part of the signalling between neurons in the release of neurotransmitter chemicals from the neuron with an incoming signal into a space between neurons (synapse) where the chemical can diffuse and be detected by a receptor on the neuron receiving Molecules the signal. A picture is shown in the figure at the right. The diagram is schematic and doesn't give an idea of the density of the molecules. Let's figure them out. Neurotranstter C. A typical molarity for one such neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, is 100 micromolar (10 molar). Given that the molecular weight of acetylcholine is ~150 D and it has a diameter of about 0.5 nm, find its specific volume, s, and separateness, d. Receptor Synapse D. Compare these to the specific volume and separation distances Source: Looie496, US National Institutes of you found for the molecules of water and discuss whether you think that the jiggling motion of the acetylcholine molecules are primarily driven by collisions with the jiggling…arrow_forward
- Neuron(key terms: dendrites, axons, electrical signals, communication) This feature of the neuron helps it do its job becausearrow_forwardActivation of which pathway leads to a disinhibition of the thalamus and increased cortical activation? Basal nuclei D Cortex I GABA - Glutamate - Dopamine Striatum C B GPe A GPi/SNr SNC STN GPI/SNr Thalamus O Both B and C O B O A E LK C Fn Altarrow_forward“All-or-none” response in impulse conductionmeans thatarrow_forward
- True or false and explain why. According to the Goldman equation, resting membrane potential of a neuron will become more positive than the typical -70 mV if concentration of extracellular Na is increased above the normal levels but the permeability of the membrane to Na+ is the same.arrow_forwardENS and how it works. Since it doesn't use or go through the CNS, where does the information go to? Do the ENS neurons go and attach to the Parasympathetic and sympathetic NS or is it something completely different? Also what information can the ENS integrate compared to the other two?arrow_forwardThe phases and ionic basis of an action potential. Membrane potential (mv) +30 -55 -70 Na channels open ↑ K Action potential -Pha channels open .PK Time (msec) (b) Permeability changes for Na* and K* during an action potential Membrane permeability (P)arrow_forward
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