Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 2.13, Problem 1CR
In a few sentences, explain how a swimming bacterium is able to sense the direction of an attractant and move toward it. In the experiment described in Figure 2.43, what is the control and why is it essential?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
When viewed under a microscope, bacteria appear as red rods after they have been stained. Explain a quick process for determining the outcome of this experiment.
Identify which of the following statements is a lie?
Select one:
a. Bacterial biofilms due to quorum sensing can be found on medical equipment and implants such as hip or knee replacements or heart pacemakers.
b. Quorum sensing uses autoinducers as signaling molecules. Autoinducers are signaling molecules secreted by bacteria to communicate only with the same species of bacteria.
c. The first evidence of bacterial communication was observed in a bacterium that has a symbiotic relationship with Hawaiian bobtail squid.
In Aplysia, (a) why does a gentle touch on the siphon lead to pronounced gill withdrawal after electric shock on its tail? (b)
why does a gentle touch on the syphon lead to even more pronounced gill withdrawal after pairing electric shock on its
tail with siphon touch? (c) you found an Aplysia mutant that cannot make functional adenylyl cyclase in the brain. How
would this affect part (a) and (b)? Briefly explain your reasoning.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 2.1 - How do cocci and rods differ in morphology?Ch. 2.1 - Using a microscope, could you differentiate a...Ch. 2.1 - What are the major morphologies of prokaryotic...Ch. 2.2 - What physical property of cells increases as cells...Ch. 2.2 - How can the small size and haploid genome of...Ch. 2.2 - What are the approximate limits to how small a...Ch. 2.2 - How large can a bacterium be? How small? Why is it...Ch. 2.3 - Draw the basic structure of a lipid bilayer and...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.3 - Prob. 3MQ
Ch. 2.3 - Describe in a single sentence the structure of a...Ch. 2.4 - Why do bacterial cells need cell walls? Do all...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.4 - What do the enzyme lysozyme and the antibiotic...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.5 - List several functions of the outer membrane in...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.7 - Chapter Review How can type IV pili facilitate...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.8 - Chapter Review Why would it be impossible for...Ch. 2.8 - Chapter Review How are magnetosomes and the...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.10 - In a few sentences, indicate how the bacterial...Ch. 2.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.12 - Contrast the mechanism for motility in...Ch. 2.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.13 - Chapter Review How does scotophobotaxis differ...Ch. 2.13 - In a few sentences, explain how a swimming...Ch. 2.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.14 - List at least three features of eukaryotic cells...Ch. 2.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.15 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.15 - How are the mitochondrion and the hydrogenosome...Ch. 2.16 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.16 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.16 - Describe the major functions of the endoplasmic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1AQCh. 2 - Assume you are given two cultures, one of a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3AQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- There is a group of six or so genes, called luxlux genes, whose gene products are necessary for light formation. Given that these bacterial genes are regulated together, propose a hypothesis for how the genes are organized and regulated. Match the terms in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Terms can be used once, more than once, or not at all. Terms: metaboliozed, density, quorum sensing, state, signal amplification, inhibit, activate, detected, secrete, transcrption initiation complex, consume, operon Bacterial cells blank molecules that can be blank by other bacterial cells. Sensing the concentration of such signalling molecules allows bacteria to monitor the local blank of cells, a phenomenon called blank. There is a group of genes in the genome of the described bacterium, called luxgenes, which are organized in an blank. Reaching a certain concentration, molecules involved in this process blank the luxgenes. As a result, the…arrow_forwardWhy might bacteria use quorum sensing to regulate genes needed for virulence? How might this reason be related to the rationale behind using quorum sensing to establish a symbiotic relationship?arrow_forwardBacterial growth depends on many environmental factors, including the temperature of the environment. Since microbes can survive in a certain range of temperatures and will thrive at a temperature, understanding these variables allows for control of their growth. This understanding can be used, for example, to preserve certain foods or to treat infections. This lab simulation will use an instrument called a spectrophotometer. This instrument quantitatively measures the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted by molecules in solution a) In your own words give an introduction to the microbial growth and the effect tempature has. b) In your own words explain the importance of the spectrophotometer in regards to microbial growth. c) In your own words give a hypothesis on how bacteria will react to different temperatures.arrow_forward
- Using the video from https://www.pbs.org/video/natures-cutest-symbiosis-the-bobtail-squid-4bhtmo/ The bobtail squid and Vibrio fischeri serve as model organisms for studying cellular communication. Provideat least two examples of communication either between squid and bacteria or within bacteria from the film.arrow_forwardAfter graduating from UNC Charlotte with the BS in Biology, you are hired as a technician in a U. S. Department of Agriculture Research Station and assigned to a team that is investigating a new malady that has appeared in leaf cutter bees (shown below). Leaf cutter bees are solitary (i.e. non-social) bees which are essential pollinators for many of the crops that we feed livestock, such as alfalfa. The bees are becoming infected with a gram-positive bacteria that alters their immune response such that the bacteria cannot be eliminated and eventually the bees die. Your team is investigating how the bacteria might alter the bees’ immune response. You set up two groups of leaf cutter bees: the Treatment group is infected with the bacteria and the Control group is uninfected. You then compare the two groups for the different components of the insect immune system shown in the figures below (in Fig. 3 GLD = FAD-glucose dehydrogenase). Remember: P > 0.05 means the differences are…arrow_forward Explain how this relationship between the solution in the Elodea cells (from #1) caused what you observed in the Elodea cells placed in saline solution.arrow_forward
- After graduating from UNC Charlotte with the BS in Biology, you are hired as a technician in a U. S. Department of Agriculture Research Station and assigned to a team that is investigating a new malady that has appeared in leaf cutter bees (shown below). Leaf cutter bees are solitary (i.e. non-social) bees which are essential pollinators for many of the crops that we feed livestock, such as alfalfa. The bees are becoming infected with a gram-positive bacteria that alters their immune response such that the bacteria cannot be eliminated and eventually the bees die. Your team is investigating how the bacteria might alter the bees’ immune response. You set up two groups of leaf cutter bees: the Treatment group is infected with the bacteria and the Control group is uninfected. You then compare the two groups for the different components of the insect immune system shown in the figures below (in Fig. 3 GLD = FAD-glucose dehydrogenase). Remember: P > 0.05 means the differences are…arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram of four different antibiotics (numbered 1-4) that are being tested in a petri dish inoculated with bacteria. After a sufficient incubation period, bacterial growth occurred except in the zones of inhibition (shown with dotted lines in the diagram) around the antibiotics. Based on the results shown here, would it be reasonable to conclude that the most effective antibiotic in this example would be an effective antibiotic against any bacterium? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhat is the Sol-gel Theory? How does this promote amoeboid movement?arrow_forward
- propose a hypothesis regarding the organism (escherichia, staphylococcus, pseudomonas, bacillus) that will demonstrate greater resistance to UV and why? if the hypothesis is supported, what specific experimental results will be observed? and what serves as the control treatment?arrow_forwardIn a reproduction of an experiment famously performed by Louis Pasteur, you cultured yeast in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic growth) and measured (1) the rate of cell division, (2) the rate of glucose consumption, and (3) the intracellular ATP:ADP ratio. You then moved the cells to an incubator containing normal atmosphere (i.e., 21% oxygen), completed a second set of measurements, and made the following observations: The rate of cell division increased considerably after the addition of oxygen (aerobic growth) Glucose consumption dropped dramatically after the addition of oxygen Intracellular ATP:ADP ratios increased significantly (from 2:1 in the absence of oxygen to 10:1 in the presence of oxygen) Explain how the mitochondria in the yeast contribute to the dramatic drop in glucose utilization and increase in ATP concentrations in the presence of oxygen.arrow_forwardSoil bacteria such as Streptomyces spp. produce the bulk of known antibiotics. It has been suggested that in nature antibiotics serve as signaling molecules, allowing members of the same species or strain to communicate. If this is the case, what might these molecular signals be “saying” and how would such a message be transmitted?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
7 Freudian Defence Mechanisms Explained; Author: Lewis Psychology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTnjJ105ze4;License: Standard youtube license