After a sufficient incubation period, bacterial growth occurred except in the zones of inhibition (shown with dotted lines in the diagram) around the antibiotics. Based on the results shown here, would it be reasonable to conclude that the most effective antibiotic in this example would be an effective antibiotic against any bacterium? Why or why not?

How is the information from a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test used for the recommendation of the clinical use of an antimicrobial drug? Who should be responsible for discovering and developing new antibiotics? Support your answer with reasoning.

You have isolated a beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus (not a MRSA strain) from an infected surgical site on your patient. If for genetic reasons, your patient is allergic to all antibiotics except beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin ( they can only take Beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin), which strategy below could you use to treat this Staphylococcus aureus infection in your patient? Note different answers compared to previous question. give the patient erythromycin can use a beta-lactamse resistant beta-lactam such as methicillin or oxacillin O give the patient penicillin give the patient an azole drug

How would you produce a 10^-1 dilution if a 3 mL bacterial sample using the entire 3 mL volume?  suppose your professor handed you a test tube with 2.0 mL of an E. coli broth culture in it and told you to make a 10^-1 dilution of the entire culture. Explain how you would do this. Show your calculations.

Which of the following types of data produce curves similar in shape to the graph? Select all that apply 1.Bacterial growth in a culture 2.A normal distribution of height in a population of students 3.Exponential population growth 4.Haemoglobin binding of oxygen 5.Log transformations of drug dose curves 6.Osmotic fragility of red blood cells 7.A standard curve for an enyme assay

The following table includes information from a procedure where mice were injected with different concentration amounts of a certain microbe (Mircobe A) under these distinct circumstances: no other treatment added (NT), after being exposed to anti-microbe A vaccine (vacA), and during treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic (x). CFU/ml Injected % Infected - NT % Infected - vacA % Infected - x 1 2 0 1 10 20 0 22 100 52 3 44 1000 100 14 97 1. What is the ID50 value of Microbe A (in CFU/ml)? 2. Is Microbe A antibiotic-sensitive? 3. Is the vacA vaccine effective to stop the infection?

propose a hypothesis regarding the organisms (staphylococcus, escherichia, pseudomonas, and bacillus) that will be resistant to the most disinfectants, and why? if the hypothesis is supported, what specific experimental results will be observed? what would be the independent and dependent variable? zone size, disinfectant type, colony count

E. coli O157:H7 is an organism of concern in contaminated foods. How can the use of MacConkey agar and Sorbitol-MacConkey agar be used to screen for E. coli bacteria in general and E. coli O157:H7 in particular?

Results from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?

A bacterial culture that has been pretreated with penicillin to inhibit its peptidoglycan synthesis is split and put into solutions of various concentrations. The same is done with a control culture with no prior penicillin exposure. Which condition is likely to demonstrate the biggest difference in outcomes between the control culture and the experimental culture? Placing the cultures into an isotonic solution Placing the cultures into a hypotonic solution Placing the cultures into a hypertonic solution The control and experimental cultures should show you the same results in every condition