Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2.15, Problem 2MQ
Summary Introduction
Cellular membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three major components of a cell. Organelles are structures present within a cell and are specialized to perform a particular metabolic task essential for the survival of the cell. Eukaryotic cells consist of several organelles, including Golgi complex, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, flagella and cilia, chloroplast, microfilaments and microtubules, and lysosomes. Similar to a nucleus, mitochondria are also surrounded by a double membrane system. Some microbial eukaryotes get killed by the presence of oxygen (O2). Such microbes do not contain mitochondria and some may possess structures referred to as hydrogenosomes.
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Extension Questions
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during
photosynthesis?
A) NADPH 02 → CO2
B) H₂O
NADPH →Calvin cycle
C) NADPH chlorophyll →Calvin cycle
D) H2O
E) NADPH
photosystem I → photosystem II
electron transport chain → 02
Place these events in the correct order: absorption of electromagnetic radiation by chlorophyll,
synthesis of sugars, utilization of carbon dioxide by Calvin cycle enzymes, synthesis of
NADPH, synthesis of ATP, conversion of water into molecular oxygen.
Is NADP+ oxidized or reduced during the light reactions? How do you know this?
What would you expect to happen if you inactivated the NADP+ reductase?
Cytosol
Mitochondrion
A. PATHWAY 1.
major
pathway of
ethanol
metabolism
NAD* NADH + H*
NAD* NADH + H*
in the liver CH,-CH,-OH ADH + CH,-C=O
CH;-C-OH + H-O-H
ALDH
ETHANOL
ACETALDEHYDE
АСЕТАТЕ
WATER
B. PATHWAY 2
microsomal
ethanol
CYP2E1
oxidizing
system
(MEOS)
NADPH + H* + O2
NADP* + 2H,O
Excess alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD* ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes.
CHCASE
Dashboard
A student conducts two experiments to observe the effects of different factors on ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration. In the first experiment, the
student isolates mitochondria in a test tube, adds oxygen to the test tube, and measures the amounts of ATP produced at three temperatures. In a second
experiment, the student keeps the temperature the same and varies the concentration of oxygen added to the test tube for each trial, The student records all data
in the table shown.
Ite
Ite
Ite
Experiment Trial Temperature Oxygen Concentration
(°C)
ATP Produced
(mol/L)
(mol/L)
Iter
1
25
15
1.5
Iter
1
30
15
1.8
Item
35
15
2.6
Iter
35
25
3.5
Iter
2
2
35
35
3.8
Item
3
35
45
4.2
Based on the experiments, which statement can be concluded concerning ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration?
O Increasing the temperature or the oxygen concentration improves the efficiency of ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration.
O Decreasing the temperature or…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 2.1 - How do cocci and rods differ in morphology?Ch. 2.1 - Using a microscope, could you differentiate a...Ch. 2.1 - What are the major morphologies of prokaryotic...Ch. 2.2 - What physical property of cells increases as cells...Ch. 2.2 - How can the small size and haploid genome of...Ch. 2.2 - What are the approximate limits to how small a...Ch. 2.2 - How large can a bacterium be? How small? Why is it...Ch. 2.3 - Draw the basic structure of a lipid bilayer and...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.3 - Prob. 3MQ
Ch. 2.3 - Describe in a single sentence the structure of a...Ch. 2.4 - Why do bacterial cells need cell walls? Do all...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.4 - What do the enzyme lysozyme and the antibiotic...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.5 - List several functions of the outer membrane in...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.7 - Chapter Review How can type IV pili facilitate...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.8 - Chapter Review Why would it be impossible for...Ch. 2.8 - Chapter Review How are magnetosomes and the...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.10 - In a few sentences, indicate how the bacterial...Ch. 2.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 2.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.12 - Contrast the mechanism for motility in...Ch. 2.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.13 - Chapter Review How does scotophobotaxis differ...Ch. 2.13 - In a few sentences, explain how a swimming...Ch. 2.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.14 - List at least three features of eukaryotic cells...Ch. 2.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.15 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.15 - How are the mitochondrion and the hydrogenosome...Ch. 2.16 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.16 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.16 - Describe the major functions of the endoplasmic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1AQCh. 2 - Assume you are given two cultures, one of a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3AQ
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- Q4Describe each component in glycolysis metabolic pathways involving the degradation of glucose.arrow_forwardQ4. There is no bioavailable glucose or carbohydrates on Kepler-28d. Given the harsh conditions on Kepler-28d, describe how your cell will respire to generate ATP. In your answer, ensure that you include the essential organelles required for respiration and the relevant inputs and outputs of each organelle in the respiration pathway. (200 words maximum) Answer here:arrow_forwardQ4. Using molecular biology techniques, it is possible to generate a strain of Drosophila fruit flies that lacks the alpha subunit of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1). Compared to wild-type flies, what would be the metabolic consequence of exposing the HIF-1α deficient flies to a low oxygen (hypoxic) environment? A. The rate of conversion of pyruvate to lactate would be the same as hypoxic wild-type cells. B. Since the beta subunit would be functional, inhibition of pyruvate decarboxylase complex activity would still occur. C. The deficiency would result in a build-up of acetyl-CoA within the mitochondria. D. The lack of HIF-1α would result in an increase in the rate of pyruvate uptake into mitochondria, triggering an increase in the rate of electron transport.arrow_forward
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