Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 12PDQ
The Human Genome Project has demonstrated that in humans of all races and nationalities approximately 99.9 percent of the genome sequence is the same, yet different individuals can be identified by DNA fingerprinting techniques. What is one primary variation in the human genome that can be used to distinguish different individuals? Briefly explain your answer.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 21 - In a sequence encompassing 99.4 percent of the...Ch. 21 - Annotation of a proteome attempts to relate each...Ch. 21 - Because of its accessibility and biological...Ch. 21 - If you had Crohns disease or ulcerative colitis...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2CSCh. 21 - Prob. 3CSCh. 21 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 21 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 21 - What is functional genomics? How does it differ...Ch. 21 - Compare and contrast WGS to a map-based cloning...
Ch. 21 - What is bioinformatics, and why is this discipline...Ch. 21 - Annotation involves identifying genes and...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7PDQCh. 21 - BLAST searches and related applications are...Ch. 21 - What functional information about a genome can be...Ch. 21 - Describe three major goals of the Human Genome...Ch. 21 - Describe the human genome in terms of genome size,...Ch. 21 - The Human Genome Project has demonstrated that in...Ch. 21 - Through the Human Genome Project (HGP), a...Ch. 21 - Explain differences between whole-genome...Ch. 21 - Describe the significance of the Genome 10K...Ch. 21 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 21 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 21 - What are DNA microarrays? How are they used?Ch. 21 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 21 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 21 - Researchers have compared candidate loci in humans...Ch. 21 - Homology can be defined as the presence of common...Ch. 21 - Prob. 23ESPCh. 21 - Prob. 24ESPCh. 21 - Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is helping physicians...Ch. 21 - Recall that when the HGP was completed, more than...
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- Describe the main technique for amplifying a segment of DNA (like the one you suspect is involved in Lee’s cancer) from a complex mixture of genomic DNA. Remember that the entire human genome sequence is known. (Hint: This is a technique that is commonly used by laboratories that do genetic testing and various other applications of molecular biology.)arrow_forwardDNA fingerprinting involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at a specific sequence, resulting in many fragments of different lengths. Gel electrophoresis then separates the fragments according to size. DNA fingerprints produced from four different individuals is shown below. The DNA for Individuals 3 and 4 could NOT be Select one: a. mitochondrial DNA from two people who have the same maternal grandmother (both their mothers had the same mother) b. mitochondrial DNA from two people who have the same paternal grandmother (both their fathers had the same mother) c. nuclear DNA from identical twins d. nuclear DNA isolated from a hair left at a crime scene and a buccal swab from a suspect who was present at the crimearrow_forwardAn important application of DNA fingerprinting is relationship testing. Persons who are related genetically have some bands or peaks in common. The number they share depends on the closeness of their genetic relationship. For example, an offspring is expected to receive half of his or her minisatellites from one parent and the rest from the other. The diagram shown here schematically illustrates traditional DNA fingerprints of an offspring, mother, and two potential fathers. In paternity testing, the offspring’s DNA fingerprint is first compared with that of the mother. The bands that the offspring have in common with the mother are depicted in purple. The bands that are not similar between the offspring and the mother must have been inherited from the father. These bands are depicted in red. Which male could be the father?arrow_forward
- The human genome has been fully mapped by the Human Genome Project. Information on the human genome is now freely available on DNA databases. Which statement best describes an ethical issue concerning the Human Genome Project? Responses The money invested in this project can be utilized for other research. The money invested in this project can be utilized for other research. The complete information about the human genome can be utilized to map human ancestry. The complete information about the human genome can be utilized to map human ancestry. The complete information about the human genome can lead to devastating consequences on Earth’s biodiversity. The complete information about the human genome can lead to devastating consequences on Earth’s biodiversity. The human genome will provide information about inherited diseases, which raises the possibility of genetic manipulation in individuals.arrow_forwardDescribe the three basic goals of the Human Genome Project. What are at least three things we have learned from the project? Do you believe it was a worthwhile project? Why or why not?arrow_forwardDNA profiling is used to compare DNA in forensic investigations and paternity disputes. The diagram below shows the DNA profiles of 3 men, a mother and a child. Mother Co Child || | ||| | | 'Dad' 1 | | || 'Dad' 2 છે) (9) (00 'Dad' 3 || || Source: https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-3-genetics/35-genetic-modification-and/dna-profiling.html Identify the most likely biological father of the child and explain reasons for your choice.arrow_forward
- Write a paragraph describing the evolutionary forces driving changes in the human genome. You can include evolutionary forces such as random genetic drift, mutation, migration, and natural selection. These forces would have long-term and short-term effects on coding and non-coding DNA, the abundance of transposable elements, and the birth and death of genes. You can focus on a subset of the human population, or the entire species.arrow_forwardIf you had the ability to do gene editing with ONE gene for the betterment of human kind, which one would you choose, and why? Assume you could either change an abnormal allele associated with a disease, such as the cystin gene associated with Cystic Fibrosis to its normal wild type, or add a pre-existing human allele to a genome.arrow_forwardIn 2003, the Human Genome Project was successfully completed, determining the exact sequence of the entire human genome, which is made up of 3 billion nucleotide base pairs. The data generated from the Human Genome Project is freely available online to anyone. Many pieces of research and innovations stemmed from the HGP, allowing the identifications of 1 800 disease genes. Many of the corporations using the results from the HGP are privately funded, and research is being done for profit even though the HGP results are provided freely. State one advantage and one disadvantage of corporate funding and patenting genetic research results.arrow_forward
- a) Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates computer science with mathematics and statistics to solve biological questions. Many bioinformatics tools for gene prediction, homology modelling and such are available free online. (i) How can online tools such as BLAST and FASTA assist in our genomics research? Is the sequence below in FASTA format? Justify your answer. >gi 129295|sp|P01013 | OVAX_CHICK GENE X PROTEIN (OVALBUMIN-RELATED) QIKDLLVSSSTDLDTTLVLVNAIYFKGMWKTAFNAEDTREMPFHVTKQESKPVQMMCMNNSFNVATLPAE KMKILELPFASGDLSMLVLLPDEVSDLERIEKTINFEKLTEWTNPNTMEKRRVKVYLPQMKIEEKYNLTS VLMALGMTDLFIPSANLTGISSAESLKISQAVHGAFMELSEDGIEMAGSTGVIEDIKHSPESEQFRADHP (ii) FLFLIKHNPTNTIVYFGRYWSParrow_forward1. a) If you were at risk of a fatal disease such as Huntington’s disease and only the 95% accurate preliminary genetic test was available, would you take the test? After all, 95% of the time the test would tell you whether you would eventually get Huntington’s disease or whether you did not have to worry about getting this disease. b) The linkage distance between the DNA sequence used in the test and the actual Huntington’ disease locus was 5%. In a large sample of the Venezuelan family, what percentage of people would inherit the DNA sequence but not the Huntington’s allele (i.e. be a false positive test for Huntington’s)? What percentage of that large Venezuelan family would not inherit the DNA sequence but would inherit the Huntington’s allele (i.e., be a false negative test for Huntington’s)?arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the term DNA fingerprinting?arrow_forward
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