Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 20.L2, Problem 4CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
- Whether a cluster of several million cells would be visible to the naked eye.
- With reference to chapter 7, about how long it would take an average bacterial species to reach the infectious dose of a million cells, starting from a single cell.
- Why enteric diseases require a relatively higher infectious dose than nonenteric diseases.
- Why antimicrobic therapy used on gram-negative bacterial infections could actually lead to illness rather than cure it.
Introduction:
Bacteria are microscopic, so they cannot be seen individually. Different diseases have different infectious doses (which are the number of cells required to start an infection).
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
a. If an egg salad sandwich sitting in a warm car for 4 hours develops 40,960bacterial cells, how many more cells would result in just one more generation? b. What would the cell count be after 4 hours if the initial bacterial dose was 100?c. What do your answers tell you about using clean techniques in food preparation and storage (other than esthetic considerations)?
Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes much versatility. Virulence factors include which of the following? Choose one or more:
A.A capsule that, when thick, will help the organism avoid phagocytosis by macrophages
B.A cell wall containing lipoteichoic acid, thought to facilitate adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells
C.Enzymes that lyse blood cells (streptolysins)
D.The production of several endotoxins called streptococcal pyogenic endotoxins (SPEs)
Choose one infectious disease from the list below and use the chain of infection to analyze how it is spread.
A. Please provide a comprehensive description of cholera.
B. Describe the chain of infection cholera. The chain of infection for the chosen infectious disease must clearly include the following:
1. Identification of
a) the pathogen,
b) the reservoir
c) means of transmission
d) the susceptible host
2. Describe how one could break the chain of cholera, such as breaking the pathogen link, by providing a specific intervention.
3. Include references and relevant data.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 20.1 - Explain the effect of the virulence factor common...Ch. 20.1 - Identify those people most at risk of developing a...Ch. 20.1 - Briefly describe the human infections caused by...Ch. 20.1 - How can antibiotic treatment of a gram-negative...Ch. 20.2 - Name the genera of bacteria that are...Ch. 20.2 - Outline the pathology and epidemiology of...Ch. 20.2 - Explain the epidemiology of Francisella tularensis...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 6ELOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 8ELO
Ch. 20.2 - List the four genera of bacteria that cause...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 20.2 - Prob. 5CYPCh. 20.2 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 20.2 - What is unusual about the reservoir of Legionella?...Ch. 20.3 - Recall the medically important members of the...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 20.3 - Explain the importance of the three major surface...Ch. 20.3 - Name the key characteristics shared by the...Ch. 20.3 - Explain what is meant by IMViC.Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 10CYPCh. 20.3 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 20.3 - Briefly describe the methods used to isolate and...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 20.4 - Differentiate among the major enteric pathologies...Ch. 20.4 - Explain the role of E. coli in infantile and...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 15ELOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 15CYPCh. 20.4 - Justify treating E. coli Ol57:H7 differently from...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 17CYPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 20.5 - Differentiate between true noncoliform enteric...Ch. 20.5 - Distinguish the pathologies of typhoidal and...Ch. 20.5 - Identify the possible sources of Shigella...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 19ELOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 20.5 - Make a comparison chart for Shigella and...Ch. 20.5 - What are the Five F’s and how do they relate to...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 20.5 - Which body systems are commonly infected by...Ch. 20.5 - Describe the epidemiology and pathology of...Ch. 20.L1 - A unique characteristic of many isolates of...Ch. 20.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 20.L1 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 20.L1 - A classic symptom of pertussis is a. labored...Ch. 20.L1 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 20.L1 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 20.L1 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 20.L1 - Which of the following is a major difference...Ch. 20.L1 - A complication/complications of typhoid fever...Ch. 20.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 20.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 20.L1 - Haemophilus influnzae is ____________ and requires...Ch. 20.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 20.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 20.L1 - Single Matching. Match the infectious agent with...Ch. 20.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 20.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 20.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 20.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 20.L1 - What are unique features in the epidemiology of E....Ch. 20.L1 - Explain several practices an individual can use to...Ch. 20.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 20.L1 - Briefly outline the zoonotic infections in this...Ch. 20.L2 - What is the logic behind testing for E. coli to...Ch. 20.L2 - Identify the genera with the following...Ch. 20.L2 - Given that so many infections arc caused by...Ch. 20.L2 - Prob. 4CTCh. 20.L2 - Students in our classes sometimes ask how it is...Ch. 20.L2 - Explain lhe reasons for an increase in numbers of...Ch. 20.L2 - Compare and contrast the pathology, diagnosis, and...Ch. 20.L2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 20.L2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 20.L2 - Prob. 10CTCh. 20.L2 - "There is no circumstance [in which] you can cook...Ch. 20.L2 - Use figure 20.5 a, b as a reference guideline for...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Provide picture of the following microorganisms: 1. a. Cyst form (Early stage) of Escherichia coli b Adult form of Escherichia coli 2. a. Cyst form (Early stage) of Salmonella sp. b Adult form of Salmonella sp. 3. a. Cyst form (Early stage) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae b Adult form of Neisseria gonorrhoeae 4. a. Cyst form (Early stage) of Clostridium tetani b Adult form of Clostridium tetaniarrow_forwardWhich aspects of a microbial disease make it more likely to cause an outbreak? In other words, what advantages do these microbes have that others do not? Use an example of at least one outbreak in your description. 2. What measures are taken in the United States to prevent outbreaks from occurring? 3. What disease not prevalent in the United States do you think has the potential of causing a major outbreak in the United States? Name at least one reason to support your assertion.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. endotoxin b. periplasmic space c. slime layer d. lipopolysaccharide e. pilusarrow_forward
- Based on the figures given, 1. What range of time and temperature combinations poses the highest risk? 2. Explain briefly why hazards and risks decrease as temperature decreases from 55oC upwards. 3. Discuss briefly why after 100 hours, the risk decreases even if the temperature is optimal for growth of pathogens. 4. Write a conclusion explaining the relationship between time and temperature as illustrated in the two figures.arrow_forwardA bacterium has the following characteristics:∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration∙ It can survive being boiled∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycanWhich of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to adhere to the intestinal lining? Group of answer choices A. fimbriae B. pili C. an endospore D. a flagellumarrow_forwarda. Compare and contrast the methods used by bacteria andprotozoa to stay alive even when conditions within the environmentare unfavorable to the growth and survival of the organism. b. Based upon the presenting symptoms,you hypothesize that your patient is suffering from amoebiasis. However, when the laboratory analysis of the pathogen returns, you find out that the microbe is ciliated. Explain how this information may change your thoughts on the patient’s disease diagnosis.arrow_forward
- A bacterium has the following characteristics: I. It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes , bacteriophages, and dehydration. II. It can survive being boiled. III. It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan. Which of the following characteristics allows this bacteria to survive in a human who is taking penicillin pills? A. gram-negative cell wall B. peptidoglycan in the cell wall C. lipopolysaccharides in the cytoplasm D. long polypeptides in the cell wallarrow_forwardMicrobes possess many different strategies to help them cause disease called virulence factors. Explain how two virulence factors work. For each virulence factor state the name of the mechanism, explain how it works and what advantage it gives the organism that helps it cause disease.arrow_forwardExplain the role of pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. Which populations are most susceptible to peptic ulcers? Is H. pylori normal flora? If so, what causes the species to become pathogenic? Construct at table to compare and contrast the 5 steps of microbial pathogenesis. How does extracellular growth differ from intracellular growth? Diagram the 5 step pathogenesis cycle for coli O157:H7, an extracellular, intestinal pathogen acquired by consuming contaminated food/water. Be sure to include the role of exoenzymes and the Shiga exotoxin in your diagram. (2 points) Explain the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes. Be sure to include temperature regulation, intracellular growth, and at risk groups in your discussion.arrow_forward
- 8) Name the three basic shapes of the bacteria in the picture to the right. A C a. b. 9) These bacteria in the picture to the left are called Staphylococcus aureus. Give two reasons why is called aphylococcus. a. b.arrow_forwardA. How many people a year die due to insecticide misuse and exposure? B. What does Bt stand for? C. What is the Bt delta endotoxin? D. What is the mode of action for this endotoxin and what is its target organism(s)?arrow_forwardAbout becterial enzymes, it is CORRECT to affirm that: a). Some becterial enzymes can help the microbe fight the immune system, by destroying lgA.b). Coagulases are enzymes that use the host's fibrinogen and form a semi-solid get that isolates amd protects the bacteria.c). Some bacterial enzymes such as hyaluronidase can help the microble move through the host's tissus by destroying the tissue's components.d). Fibrolysin is an enzymes that can help from blood clots.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education