Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605180
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 8R
The −OH is missing from carbon 39 in ddI. How does ddI inhibit DNA synthesis?
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Enediynes are natural products with potent antitumor properties because they are able to cleave DNA (page 288). Their cytotoxic properties are due tothe enediyne undergoing a cyclization to form a highly reactive diradical intermediate. The intermediate abstracts hydrogen atoms from the backbone of DNA, which triggers its damage. Draw the structure of the diradical intermediate.
How do these ratios compare with the (A + G)/(T + C) ratio found in DNA? Explain.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Ch. 20 - DRAW IT Show where the following antibiotics work:...Ch. 20 - List and explain five criteria used to identify an...Ch. 20 - What similar problems are encountered with...Ch. 20 - Define drug resistance. How is it produced? What...Ch. 20 - List the advantages of using two chemotherapeutic...Ch. 20 - Why does a cell die from the following...Ch. 20 - How does each of the following inhibit...Ch. 20 - The OH is missing from carbon 39 in ddI. How does...Ch. 20 - Compare the method of action of the following...Ch. 20 - NAME IT This microorganism is not susceptible to...
Ch. 20 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 20 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 20 - An antimicrobial agent should meet all of the...Ch. 20 - The most selective antimicrobial activity would be...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 20 - Which of the following will not affect eukaryotic...Ch. 20 - Cell membrane damage causes death because a. the...Ch. 20 - A drug that intercalates into DNA has the...Ch. 20 - Chloramphenicol binds to the 50S portion of a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1ACh. 20 - Why is idoxuridine effective if host cells also...Ch. 20 - Some bacteria become resistant to tetracycline...Ch. 20 - The following data were obtained from a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5ACh. 20 - The following results were obtained from a broth...Ch. 20 - Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis was...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2CAECh. 20 - Prob. 3CAE
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- Explain why methotrexate inhibits the synthesis of histidine and methionine.arrow_forwardMethyl iodide (CH31) can be used to modify DNA in solution. It takes the following mechanism for this reaction: Step 1. (slow) CHз снз* + г Step 2. (fast) DNA + CH3* > DNA-CH3* Which of the following is true about this reaction and its mechanism? O a. lodide ion (I ") is an intermediate in the reaction. Ob.CH3* is a catalyst of this reaction. O. The activation energy of Step 1 must be lower than the activation energy of Step 2. d. The overall reaction order of the reaction predicted by this mechanism is 1st order. By increasing temperature, the rate constant of Step 1 will increase but the rate constant of Step 2 will е. decrease.arrow_forwardStaphylococcus nuclease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of DNA.The reaction is catalyzed by Ca2+, Glu 43, and Arg 87. Explain how the metal catalyst facilitates this reaction. Recall that the nucleotides in DNA havephosphodiester linkages.arrow_forward
- 14C-Labeled glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate was added to a yeast extract. After a short time, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate labeled with 14C at C-3 andC-4 was isolated. What was the location of the 14C label in the starting glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate? Where did the second 14C label in fructose 1,6-bisphosphate come from? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, or ddNTPs?arrow_forwardWhy is it 2n-2?arrow_forward
- the half life of metformin ( Glucophage) is 17.6 hours. What is the rate of decay?arrow_forward5-Bromouridine is known to induce mutations in DNA. One of the characteristics of this compound is that the enol form is favored relative to the keto form. Draw the keto- and the eno- tautomers of the base. Determine (and draw) which base (A, T, G, or C) would most likely interact with each of the two forms by base-pair.arrow_forwardWhich four different bases can be bound to deoxyribose?arrow_forward
- Why are PI and PII are so called? What are the end products of each of these cycles?arrow_forwardwhat is meant by S195? D102? H57? What do you figure would happen to the enzymes catalytic activity if the amino acids above were mutated?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an anomer of B-D-gulopyranose? O O го ОН H ОН H ОН H H ОН CH₂OH -II- H H ОН ОН CH2OH H ОН ОН CH2OH О 0. H CH2OH то Н H H ОН H H - о H ОН ОН H ОН H ОН ОН H О ОН ОН H Narrow_forward
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