Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 9P
In a particular population of mice, certain individuals display a
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The Galapagos Islands are home to a unique iguana species that dives for extended
periods of time to feed on algae from the sea floor. This makes them the world's only
marine lizard. Assume the scales of these iguanas exhibit two phenotypes controlled by a
single gene with two alleles: dominant, brown (G) and recessive, green (g). After studying
the population for many years, a group of scientists concluded that a mess of 10,000
iguanas was not evolving, and that this mess contained 30% brown alleles and 70%
green alleles.
a) What is the expected frequency of each genotype for scale color?
b) What is the expected number of individuals with each phenotype?
Much to the researchers' dismay, one year during an EI Niño cycle, food became scarce
and the mess of iguanas was randomly reduced to 100 individuals: 75 brown and 25
green. The researchers then conducted a genetic study on these individuals and found
that of the 75 brown individuals, 30 were heterozygous.
c) What is the actual…
Why do recessive lethals persist in a population? Provide an example of a recessive lethal allele.
In a certain population of mice, a single gene controls fur color. There are two possible alleles: B, which
leads to a black fur, and W, which leads to white fur. Individuals with the genotype BB will have a black
fur, individuals with the genotype WW will have white fur, and individuals with the genotype BW will have
gray fur. Scientists recorded the fur color of 1,000 mice from the population. They found that 200 mice
have black fur, 400 have gray fur, and 400 have white fur. Ten years later, the measurements are
repeated. Again, they recorded the fur color of 1,000 mice. They found that 400 have black fur, 400 have
gray fur, and 200 have white fur.
Part A: Show the Hardy-Weinberg calculations for the beginning and ending populations. Include the
values for the equation as well as the p andq values. Show your work.
Part B: Use the Hardy-Weinberg calculation to explain if this population is evolving or not. Then propose
a hypothesis about the environment of these mice that would lead…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 2 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 2 - During the millennia in which selective breeding...Ch. 2 - Describe the characteristics of the garden pea...Ch. 2 - An albino corn snake is crossed with a...Ch. 2 - Two short-haired cats mate and produce six...Ch. 2 - Piebald spotting is a condition found in humans in...Ch. 2 - As a Drosophila research geneticist, you keep...Ch. 2 - A mutant cucumber plant has flowers that fail to...Ch. 2 - In a particular population of mice, certain...Ch. 2 - In humans, a dimple in the chin is a dominant...
Ch. 2 - Some inbred strains of the weedy plant Arabidopsis...Ch. 2 - Among Native Americans, two types of earwax...Ch. 2 - Imagine you have just purchased a black stallion...Ch. 2 - If you roll a die singular of dice, what is the...Ch. 2 - In a standard deck of playing cards, four suits...Ch. 2 - How many genetically different eggs could be...Ch. 2 - What is the probability of producing a child that...Ch. 2 - A mouse sperm of genotype a B C D E fertilizes an...Ch. 2 - Your friend is pregnant with triplets. She thinks...Ch. 2 - Galactosemia is a recessive human disease that is...Ch. 2 - Albinism is a condition in which pigmentation is...Ch. 2 - A cross between two pea plants, both of which grew...Ch. 2 - A third-grader decided to breed guinea pigs for...Ch. 2 - The self-fertilization of an pea plant produced...Ch. 2 - The achoo syndrome sneezing in response to bright...Ch. 2 - A pea plant from a pure-breeding strain that is...Ch. 2 - The following table shows the results of different...Ch. 2 - A pea plant heterozygous for plant height, pod...Ch. 2 - In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the...Ch. 2 - Based on the information you discovered in the...Ch. 2 - Considering the yellow and green pea color...Ch. 2 - What would have been the outcome the genotypic and...Ch. 2 - Recall that Mendel obtained pure-breeding with...Ch. 2 - The gene that likely controlled flower color...Ch. 2 - For each of the following human pedigrees,...Ch. 2 - Consider the pedigree that follows for cutis laxa,...Ch. 2 - A young couple went to see a genetic counselor...Ch. 2 - Huntington disease is a rare fatal, degenerative...Ch. 2 - Is the disease shown in the following pedigree...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.22 shows the inheritance of Huntington...Ch. 2 - Consider the cystic fibrosis pedigree in Figure...Ch. 2 - Prob. 42PCh. 2 - People with nail-patella syndrome have poorly...Ch. 2 - Midphalangeal hair hair on top of the middle...Ch. 2 - A man with Huntington disease he is heterozygous...Ch. 2 - Explain why disease alleles for cystic fibrosis CF...Ch. 2 - The following pedigree shows the inheritance of...
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- In a certain population of mice, a single gene controls fur color. There are two possible alleles: B, which leads to a black fur, and W, which leads to white fur. Individuals with the genotype BB will have a black fur, individuals with the genotype WW will have white fur, and individuals with the genotype BW will have gray fur. Scientists recorded the fur color of 1,000 mice from the population. They found that 200 mice have black fur, 400 have gray fur, and 400 have white fur. Ten years later, the measurements are repeated. Again, they recorded the fur color of 1,000 mice. They found that 400 have black fur, 400 have gray fur, and 200 have white fur. Part A: Show the Hardy-Weinberg calculations for the beginning and ending populations. Include the values for the equation as well as the p and q values. Show your work. Part B: Use the Hardy-Weinberg calculation to explain if this population is evolving or not. Then propose a hypothesis about the environment of these mice that would lead…arrow_forwardAnother condition that can occur in squirrel populations is the albino condition. In this condition, squirrels lack all pigmentation resulting in completely white fur and pink eyes. As with leucistic squirrels, albino squirrels are more conspicuous to predators. In addition, the lack of pigment in their eyes results in poor eyesight. These two conditions result in albino squirrels dying off before they reach maturity. If the lab simulation were to be repeated, but instead of leucism, the recessive condition in the population was albinism, what would you expect to see happen to the allele frequencies for normal pigmentation (G) and albinism (g) over the 10 generations? Remember that no albino (gg) individuals would survive to reproduce in each generation. Would you expect to find g alleles in the population by the 10th generation? Why or why not?arrow_forwardIn a Gecko population a group of Geckos skin color is controlled by one gene with two alleles "R"which codes for red and is dominant to "r" which codes for yellow and is recessive. If 100 Geckos are on the island and you gene test them to know their alleles you'll observe that 30 are homozygous red, 60 are heterozygous red, and 20 are homozygous recessive. Determine the Chi-square. assuming the original parents (Rr xRr).* Hint: determine the expected first before plugging into the equation awesome as this one? REGISTER NOW 13 5 11 4 Darrow_forward
- American cat breeders are trying to establish a new breeed of cat with unusual, curled-back ears, to be known as the "curl cat." Suppose you found a curl cat and wanted to secretly start your own population. How would you determine whether the curl allele is dominant or recessive? How would you establish and maintain a true breeding population based on whether the allele is dominant or recessive?arrow_forwardYou are studying a population of penguins in Antarctica. Your DNA analysis of this population reveals that for the feather color pattern gene, 35 individuals are homozygous dominant, 35 individuals are heterozygous, and 30 individuals are homozygous recessive. After observing this population for several years, you repeat your DNA study and find that the current generation of penguins has 15 individuals that are homozygous dominant, 10 individuals that are heterozygous, and 75 individuals that are homozygous recessive. Which of the following hypotheses for this data would be supported by this data based on your understanding of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? This population of penguins is maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to its large population size. The penguins are randomly choosing mates, which has led to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The penguins are very isolated, which is preventing gene flow from affecting Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The recessive phenotype in…arrow_forwardConsider the following hypothetical scenario involving giraffes. A population of giraffes is composed of individuals of varying neck lengths, i.e., some giraffes have long necks, others have short necks, and some are in-between. Neck length in giraffes is a heritable trait, i.e., offspring have necks similar to their parents due to them inheriting genes from their parents. Within this population, there is competition for resources (leaves to eat). Long-necked giraffes are able to consume more leaves than short or medium-necked giraffes because they can reach leaves that are higher up in the canopy. Therefore, long-necked giraffes, in the current generation, have begun to survive and reproduce more often than giraffes with short or medium necks. https://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/selection/selection.html (you can also search “natural selection Michigan” to find this helpful website) If you read between the lines…the above paragraph tells…arrow_forward
- You are a scientist studying a population of beetles. Beetle color is controlled by two alleles at a single genetic locus. AA beetles are blue, Aa purple, and aa pink. You count 30 blue beetles, 10 purple beetles, and 40 pink beetles. a) What is the frequency of the A allele? [ Select ] b) What is the observed frequency of the Aa genotype? 1 Select ] c) Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of the aa gentoype? [ Select ] d) Is this beetle population evolving? I Select ]arrow_forwardThe fraggles are a population of mythical, mouselike creatures that live in underground tunnels and chambers beneath a large vegetable garden that supplies their food. They can reproduce VERY quickly! Of the fraggles currently in this population, 372 have green fur and 182 have gray fur. Green fur is controlled by a dominant allele F and gray fur by a recessive allele f. a) What is the frequency of the gray allele f? b) What is the frequency of the green allele F? c) How many fraggles are heterozygous (Ff)? d) How many fraggles are homozygous recessive (ff)? e) How many fraggles are homozygous dominant (FF)?arrow_forwardA population of tree frogs living in the Amazon rainforest have two skin color phenotypes controlled by the same gene. Homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals have green skin while homozygous recessive individuals have blue skin. In the first generation, analysis of the alleles for this gene shows that 70 alleles of this gene are green, and 130 alleles of this gene are blue in the population. In the second generation, 90 alleles are green and 110 alleles are blue. Finally, in the third generation, 120 alleles are green and only 80 are blue. Based on this data, which description best describes this population of tree frogs? There are no individuals migrating into or out of the population. The frogs are randomly mating with each other. The population size of frogs is very large. The green skin color is being selected over blue skin color.arrow_forward
- The fraggles are a population of mythical, mouselike creatures that live in underground tunnels and chambers beneath a large vegetable garden that supplies their food. They can reproduce VERY quickly! Of the fraggles currently in this population, 372 have green fur and 182 have gray fur. Green fur is controlled by a dominant allele F and gray fur by a recessive allele f. d) How many fraggles are homozygous recessive (ff)? e) How many fraggles are homozygous dominant (FF)?arrow_forwardThe eugenic movement was created in the early 20th century by Sir Francis Galton. Its aim was to improve the genetic pool of the human population by selective breeding. One idea was to discourage individuals with Mendelian autosomal recessive diseases to have children. However, the fallacy of this idea is shown by the fact that recessive lethal alleles (that are never found in homozygosity) can persist in populations for hundreds to thousands of generations. Which one of the following statements best explains the persistence of those alleles in populations? There is heterozygote advantage in those populations. Recessive alleles keep being produced by mutation. Recessive alleles cannot be selected against when present in heterozygotes. Genetic drift keeps recessive alleles at a relative high frequency in populations. Consider the action of mutation and of genetic drift in a population. What do you expect genetic variation will be in a…arrow_forwardHow is it possible that a lethal recessive gene can be maintained in a population? Give an example.arrow_forward
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