Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 2P
During the millennia in which selective breeding was practiced, why did breeders fail to uncover the principle that traits are governed by discrete units of inheritance (that is, by genes)?
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There are now nearly 200 recognized breeds of dog, from the Affenpinscher to the Yorkshire Terrier. But several of these suffer from medical problems due to the inbreeding required to establish the breed. For example, nearly every Cavalier King Charles (discussed in the Biology and Society essay) suffers from heart murmurs caused by a genetically defective heart valve. Such problems are likely to remain as long as the organizations that oversee dog breeding maintain strict pedigree requirements. Some people are suggesting that every breed be allowed to mix with others to help introduce new gene lines free of the congenital defects. Why do you think the governing societies are resistant to such cross-breed mixing? What would you do if you were in charge of addressing the genetic defects that currently plague some breeds?
.A)
To determine if a human trait is heritable, we would best study
Group of answer choices. I think it's A. Please explain your answer I'm trying to understand the material
a. monozygotic twins that were raised separately, in different environments.
b. monozygotic twins that have been raised under similar conditions.
c.only distantly related individuals.
d. all males or all females.
B).
To say that a trait exhibits “high heritability” is to say that
a. a given set of genes has no influence on a trait.
b. there is no difference in genotype between members of the population at the loci in question.
c. in a given environment and population, genetic differences have a high degree of influence on the trait compared to environmental influences.
d. there is no difference in character between two individuals with the same genotype in question.
C).
If two populations with identical genetic makeup are raised in different environments, the narrow-sense heritability of a trait of…
When a red-flowering plant is crossed with a white-flowering plant,
pink flowers are seen among the offspring. This is an example of:
a) inbreeding
b) codominance
c) incomplete dominance
d) multiple alleles
Chapter 2 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 2 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 2 - During the millennia in which selective breeding...Ch. 2 - Describe the characteristics of the garden pea...Ch. 2 - An albino corn snake is crossed with a...Ch. 2 - Two short-haired cats mate and produce six...Ch. 2 - Piebald spotting is a condition found in humans in...Ch. 2 - As a Drosophila research geneticist, you keep...Ch. 2 - A mutant cucumber plant has flowers that fail to...Ch. 2 - In a particular population of mice, certain...Ch. 2 - In humans, a dimple in the chin is a dominant...
Ch. 2 - Some inbred strains of the weedy plant Arabidopsis...Ch. 2 - Among Native Americans, two types of earwax...Ch. 2 - Imagine you have just purchased a black stallion...Ch. 2 - If you roll a die singular of dice, what is the...Ch. 2 - In a standard deck of playing cards, four suits...Ch. 2 - How many genetically different eggs could be...Ch. 2 - What is the probability of producing a child that...Ch. 2 - A mouse sperm of genotype a B C D E fertilizes an...Ch. 2 - Your friend is pregnant with triplets. She thinks...Ch. 2 - Galactosemia is a recessive human disease that is...Ch. 2 - Albinism is a condition in which pigmentation is...Ch. 2 - A cross between two pea plants, both of which grew...Ch. 2 - A third-grader decided to breed guinea pigs for...Ch. 2 - The self-fertilization of an pea plant produced...Ch. 2 - The achoo syndrome sneezing in response to bright...Ch. 2 - A pea plant from a pure-breeding strain that is...Ch. 2 - The following table shows the results of different...Ch. 2 - A pea plant heterozygous for plant height, pod...Ch. 2 - In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the...Ch. 2 - Based on the information you discovered in the...Ch. 2 - Considering the yellow and green pea color...Ch. 2 - What would have been the outcome the genotypic and...Ch. 2 - Recall that Mendel obtained pure-breeding with...Ch. 2 - The gene that likely controlled flower color...Ch. 2 - For each of the following human pedigrees,...Ch. 2 - Consider the pedigree that follows for cutis laxa,...Ch. 2 - A young couple went to see a genetic counselor...Ch. 2 - Huntington disease is a rare fatal, degenerative...Ch. 2 - Is the disease shown in the following pedigree...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.22 shows the inheritance of Huntington...Ch. 2 - Consider the cystic fibrosis pedigree in Figure...Ch. 2 - Prob. 42PCh. 2 - People with nail-patella syndrome have poorly...Ch. 2 - Midphalangeal hair hair on top of the middle...Ch. 2 - A man with Huntington disease he is heterozygous...Ch. 2 - Explain why disease alleles for cystic fibrosis CF...Ch. 2 - The following pedigree shows the inheritance of...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Describe an ancient hypothesis that explains how traits are passed from parents to offspring. What is the modern concept that contradicts this hypothesis?arrow_forwardWhich of the following can help explain how continuous variation in a trait can arise from underlying discrete Mendelian genetics (i.e. individual loci at which there are alleles with discrete effects on the phenotype)? O a) Co-dominance b) Meiotic drive c) Blending inheritance d) Multiple loci and the environment can affect expression of a trait e) The germ plasm theoryarrow_forwardIn Mexican hairless dogs, a dominant allele codes for hairlessness. However, inheriting two dominant alleles is lethal; the fetus dies before birth. Suppose a breeder mates two dogs that are heterozygous for the hair allele. What are the predicted genotype and phenotype ratios of the puppies that are born? A) Phenotype Ratio 1:2:1 Genotype Ratio: 1:2:1 B) Phenotype Ratio 2:1 Genotype Ratio: 0:2:1 C) Phenotype Ratio 3:1 Genotype Ratio: 1:2:1 D) Phenotype Ratio 1:2:1 Genotype Ratio: 3:1arrow_forward
- "In cattle, the allele that causes horns to grow is recessive. Another recessive allele causes the cows to grow abnormally large and muscular. These muscular cows are often called Belgian blue cows. If a cow that is heterozygous for both the horn and Belgian blue trait genes passes on the allele for growing horns to an offspring, what are the odds that the parent cow also passes on the allele for becoming very muscular to that offspring?" I know the answer is 50% but how do I get to this answer?arrow_forwardThe agouti gene determines coat colour in mice. Heterozygous mice have yellow coats, while homozygous dominant mice have black coats. However, having two copies of the recessive alleles is lethal. In a population of 2 000 mice, 1 082 mice have black coats. a) Calculate the frequency of each allele. Show all your work and express your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places. b) What percentage of the mouse population is expected to be carriers of the lethal allele? Show all your work and express your answer rounded to one decimal place. c) How many mice will die during fetal development? Show all your work and round your answer to the closest whole number.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animalbreeding?arrow_forward
- Most sheep have the ability to grow coats of wool that vary in their thickness depending on the ambient temperatures that they experience. This is an aspect of phenotypic plasticity, variability in the phenotype that can be triggered by the experiences of the organism. When referring to a sheep that has grown more wool in a cold climate than its parents living in a warm one, what term best describes this? (NOTE: look back at chapter 25, if you are having trouble remembering) O Adaptation Intersexual selection Intrasexual selection Acclimitization Gene Fixationarrow_forwardMendel, the father of genetics, was a careful researcher who studied the inheritance of certain traits in garden peas. Which of the following was NOT part of Mendel's research strategies? A.) He crossed true-breeding (self pollinating) pea plants. B.) He allowed eggs to be fertilized ONLY by self pollination. C.) He analyzed his data mathematically. B.) He controlled variables by studying 1 or 2 traits at a time.arrow_forwardWhy do Humans require pedigree analysis instead of breeding experiments to determine how a trait is inherited?arrow_forward
- Color blindness is typically an inherited genetic condition in which individuals have a decreased ability to see color or differences in color. Color blindness only occurs in individuals who have two recessive alleles for the condition. Normal color vision is due to a dominant allele (C) Color blindness is due to the recessive allele (c) a) If Susan is homozygous for normal vision, and Matt is homozygous for color blindness, what is the likelihood (in percentage) that their son Alex will have color blindness? Perform a Punnett Square (either below or by hand on paper) to find the probability. Provide your answer in a full sentence. If you did the Punnett Square by hand, attach your photo to the next question.arrow_forwardwhat is the blending theory of inheritance? A)Mendel's theory of how the traits of parents are passed to offspring through the gametes B)an old theory that said that offspring show traits intermediate between those of parents.C)the modern theory of how genetic information is passed from parents to offspringD)Darwin's theory of how traits are passed from all parts of the parent's body into the gamete to be transmitted to the offspringarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true? Question 10 options: a) A person's phenotype is a trait that is the result of the environment only. b) A person's phenotype is a trait that is the result of genes only. c) A person's phenotype is a trait that is the result of genes and the environment. d) A person's genotype is a trait that is the result of genes and the environment.arrow_forward
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