Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 32P
What would have been the outcome (the genotypic and
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Gray seed color in peas is dominant to white. Assume that Mendel conducted a series of experiments where plants with gray seeds were crossed with each other and the following progeny were produced: 320 gray and 80 white. (a) What is the most probable genotype of each parent? (b) Based on your answer in (a) above, what genotypic and phenotypic ratios are expected in the progeny?
A dihybrid cross is performed between two heterozygous individuals (heterozygous for two traits). The resulting offspring had 62 individuals that were dominant for trait 1 and 2 (D/D), 7 individuals that were R/R, 21 individuals that were R/D, and 25 individuals that were D/R. Using Mendelian inheritance as the null hypothesis, use χ2 analysis to determine if the trait follows Mendelian inheritance.
A. How many D/D phenotype offspring are expected?
B. How many R/D phenotype offspring are expected?
C. How many degrees of freedom are there?
D. What is your calculated χ2 value?
E. What is the critical value if using a probability of 0.05?
F. Does the trait follow Mendelian inheritance?
A cross is performed between a pure-breeding pea plant with round and yellow seeds and a pure-breeding pea plant with wrinkled and green seeds. All F1 progeny have round and yellow seeds. The F1 plants are self-crossed. The following results are observed in the resultant F2 generation: 65 round and yellow, 42 round and green, 50 wrinkled and yellow, and 45 wrinkled and green. Use a Chi Square analysis to determine whether these traits follow Mendel’s law of independent assortment. Show all calculations.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 2 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 2 - During the millennia in which selective breeding...Ch. 2 - Describe the characteristics of the garden pea...Ch. 2 - An albino corn snake is crossed with a...Ch. 2 - Two short-haired cats mate and produce six...Ch. 2 - Piebald spotting is a condition found in humans in...Ch. 2 - As a Drosophila research geneticist, you keep...Ch. 2 - A mutant cucumber plant has flowers that fail to...Ch. 2 - In a particular population of mice, certain...Ch. 2 - In humans, a dimple in the chin is a dominant...
Ch. 2 - Some inbred strains of the weedy plant Arabidopsis...Ch. 2 - Among Native Americans, two types of earwax...Ch. 2 - Imagine you have just purchased a black stallion...Ch. 2 - If you roll a die singular of dice, what is the...Ch. 2 - In a standard deck of playing cards, four suits...Ch. 2 - How many genetically different eggs could be...Ch. 2 - What is the probability of producing a child that...Ch. 2 - A mouse sperm of genotype a B C D E fertilizes an...Ch. 2 - Your friend is pregnant with triplets. She thinks...Ch. 2 - Galactosemia is a recessive human disease that is...Ch. 2 - Albinism is a condition in which pigmentation is...Ch. 2 - A cross between two pea plants, both of which grew...Ch. 2 - A third-grader decided to breed guinea pigs for...Ch. 2 - The self-fertilization of an pea plant produced...Ch. 2 - The achoo syndrome sneezing in response to bright...Ch. 2 - A pea plant from a pure-breeding strain that is...Ch. 2 - The following table shows the results of different...Ch. 2 - A pea plant heterozygous for plant height, pod...Ch. 2 - In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the...Ch. 2 - Based on the information you discovered in the...Ch. 2 - Considering the yellow and green pea color...Ch. 2 - What would have been the outcome the genotypic and...Ch. 2 - Recall that Mendel obtained pure-breeding with...Ch. 2 - The gene that likely controlled flower color...Ch. 2 - For each of the following human pedigrees,...Ch. 2 - Consider the pedigree that follows for cutis laxa,...Ch. 2 - A young couple went to see a genetic counselor...Ch. 2 - Huntington disease is a rare fatal, degenerative...Ch. 2 - Is the disease shown in the following pedigree...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.22 shows the inheritance of Huntington...Ch. 2 - Consider the cystic fibrosis pedigree in Figure...Ch. 2 - Prob. 42PCh. 2 - People with nail-patella syndrome have poorly...Ch. 2 - Midphalangeal hair hair on top of the middle...Ch. 2 - A man with Huntington disease he is heterozygous...Ch. 2 - Explain why disease alleles for cystic fibrosis CF...Ch. 2 - The following pedigree shows the inheritance of...
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- Mendel crossed peas having round seeds and yellow cotyledons with peas having wrinkled seeds and green cotyledons. All the F1 plants had round seeds with yellow cotyledons. Diagram this cross through the F2 generation, using both the Punnett square and forked-line methods.arrow_forwardAssume that plant height is determined by a pair of alleles at each of two loci (A and a, B and b) that are additive in their effects. Further assume that each allele represented by an uppercase letter contributes 6 feet to height and that each allele represented by a lowercase letter contributes 2 foot to height. If a plant with genotype Aabb is crossed to a plant with genotype aaBb, what heights are expected in the progeny? 1/216ft : 1/2 12ft 1/4 16ft : 1/2 12ft : 1/4 8ft 1/4 20ft : 1/2 16ft : 1/4 12ft 1/4 24ft : 1/2 20ft : 1/4 16ft 1/2 20ft : 1/2 16ftarrow_forwardMendel crossed peas having round seeds and yellow cotyledons (seed leaves) with peas having wrinkled seeds and green cotyledons. All the F1 plants had round seeds with yellow cotyledons. Diagram this cross through the F2 generation, using both the Punnett square and forked-line, or branch diagram, methods.arrow_forward
- Gregor Mendel examined the inheritance of two traits in pea plants: seed coat texture and colour. Seed coat texture can be represented as S-smooth and s-wrinkled, and seed coat colour can be represented as Y-yellow and y-green. SSYY plants were crossed with ssyy plants to yield F1 pea seeds that were all smooth and all yellow. By crossing plants grown from these F1 seeds, Mendel obtained four different phenotypes of F2 seeds: • smooth and green seeds wrinkled and green seeds smooth and yellow seeds wrinkled and yellow seeds ● Use the following information to answer the next question. ● The F2 phenotypic ratio that Mendel obtained upon crossing two heterozygous smooth and yellow F1 individuals would have been: smooth and green wrinkled and green : smooth and yellow: wrinkled and yellow Record only the numeric values associated with the phenotypes. (Do not include the colons, spaces, commas, etc.)arrow_forwardMendel's Law of Independent Assortment refers to [ Select ] In the picture below, what assorts independently from each other? [ Select ] If the cell in the picture below undergoes S phase and then Meiosis, what are the possible gamete types? [ Select ] Parent cell A- 2n=4 a- B.arrow_forwardWhen Mendel crossed in his P generation a yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants, all the offspring were yellow seeded. When he took these F1 yellow-seeded plants and crossed them with the original yellow-seeded plant from the P generation, what genotypic ratio was expected? Group of answer choices 1:2:1 3:1 1:1:1:1 1:1arrow_forward
- In a dihybrid cross of two bi-allelic Mendelian genes, A (two alleles – completely dominant A and recessive a), and B (two alleles – completely dominant B and recessive b), such that the parental generation comprises of pure-bred homozygotes (i.e. AABB with aabb), what are the expected genotype and phenotype ratios in the F1 and F2, if the F1 cross is (a) an intercross and if the F1 cross is (b) a testcrossarrow_forwardMendel crossed peas having green seeds with peas having yellow seeds. The F1 generation produced only yellow seeds. In the F2, the progeny consisted of 6022 plants with yellow seeds and 2001 plants with green seeds. Of the F2 yellow-seeded plants, 519 were self-fertilized with the following results: 166 bred true for yellow and 353 produced an F3 ratio of 3/4 yellow: 1/4 green. Explain these results by diagramming the crosses.arrow_forwardMendel performs a cross using a true-breeding pea plant with round, yellow seeds and a true-breeding pea plant with green, wrinkled seeds. What is the probability that offspring will have green, round seeds? Calculate the probability for the F1 and F2 generations.arrow_forward
- Rough coat (R) is dominant over smooth coat (r) in guinea pigs, and black coat (B) is dominant over white (b). This pair of contrasting traits obeys both of Mendel’s laws. If a homozygous rough black is mated with a homozygous smooth white, give the appearance of each of the following: F1; F2; offspring of F1 mated with smooth, white parent; offspring of F1mated with rough, black parent.arrow_forwardTwo true breeding pea plants-one with yellow round seeds (YYRR) and the other with green wrinkled seeds (yyrr)-were crossed. The F1 plants will be dihybrid heterozygous for both the characters (yyRr). The plants were self-pollinated. Will the Y and R alleles always stay together, generation after generation? Or are seed color and seed shape inherited independently of each other? Show how you come to a conclusion.arrow_forwardA cross like this (between two individuals heterozygous for two traits) is often referred to as a "two-point test cross". The expected ratio of phenotypes if the two traits are caused by unlinked genes displaying simple Mendelian dominant inheritance is 9:3:3:1. For this ratio, match each term of the ratio with the appropriate phenotype Wrinkled and green peas 1. 9 Round and yellow peas 2. 3 Round and green peas 3. 1 Wrinkled and yellow peas > >arrow_forward
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