Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321766182
Author: Thomas Engel, Philip Reid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.1NP
A 3.75 mole sample of an ideal gas with
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Consider one mole of a simple ideal gas enclosed in a cylindrical piston with rigid impermeable adiabatic walls. The piston has a cross sectional area ofA = 0.10 m^2 and the cylinder enclosing the gas has a height of h = 1.0 cm. The gas inside the piston has a temperature T = 300.K. Recall that the internal energy for an ideal gas is U= n cV,mT, where cV,m= 1.5 R is the molar heat capacity for the ideal gas. mass m = 15.3E3kg is placed on the top of the piston, but that the piston top remains rigid. The external pressure applied is 1.5E6 Pa. Determine the equilubrium volume for the gas.
Consider one mole of a simple ideal gas enclosed in a cylindrical piston with rigid impermeable adiabatic walls. The piston has a cross sectional area ofA = 0.10 m^2 and the cylinder enclosing the gas has a height of h = 1.0 cm. The gas inside the piston has a temperature T = 300.K. Recall that the internal energy for an ideal gas is U= n cV,mT, where cV,m= 1.5 R is the molar heat capacity for the ideal gas. mass m = 15.3E3kg is placed on the top of the piston, but that the piston top remains rigid. The external pressure applied is 1.5E6 Pa. The equilubrium volume for the gas is 1.6E-3 m^3. Suppose that the piston is now allowed to move within the cylinder, but that the walls remain adiabatic and impermeable so that no heat flows into the gas. The gas system will ultimately move to a new equilibrium state. We will now characterize the final equilibrium state and the changes resulting from the process. Define the (Total System) = (the gas enclosed in the cylinder) plus (the mass placed…
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
Ch. 2 - Electrical current is passed through a resistor...Ch. 2 - Two ideal gas systems undergo reversible expansion...Ch. 2 - You have a liquid and its gaseous form in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.4CPCh. 2 - For a constant pressure process, H=qp. Does it...Ch. 2 - A cup of water at 278 K (the system) is placed in...Ch. 2 - In the experiments shown in Figure 2.4a and 2.4b,...Ch. 2 - What is wrong with the following statement? Burns...Ch. 2 - Why is it incorrect to speak of the heat or work...Ch. 2 - You have a liquid and its gaseous form in...
Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.11CPCh. 2 - Explain how a mass of water in the surroundings...Ch. 2 - A chemical reaction occurs in a constant volume...Ch. 2 - Explain the relationship between the terms exact...Ch. 2 - In the experiment shown in Figure 2.4b, the weight...Ch. 2 - Discuss the following statement: If the...Ch. 2 - Discuss the following statement: Heating an object...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas is expanded reversibly and...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas is expanded reversibly and...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas is expanded adiabatically into a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.21CPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.22CPCh. 2 - A student gets up from her chair and pushes a...Ch. 2 - Explain why ethene has a higher value for CV,m at...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.25CPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.26CPCh. 2 - A 3.75 mole sample of an ideal gas with Cv,m=3R/2...Ch. 2 - The temperature of 1.75 moles of an ideal gas...Ch. 2 - A 2.50 mole sample of an ideal gas, for which...Ch. 2 - A hiker caught in a thunderstorm loses heat when...Ch. 2 - Count Rumford observed that using cannon boring...Ch. 2 - A 1.50 mole sample of an ideal gas at 28.5C...Ch. 2 - Calculate q, w, U, and H if 2.25 mol of an ideal...Ch. 2 - Calculate w for the adiabatic expansion of 2.50...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.9NPCh. 2 - A muscle fiber contracts by 3.5 cm and in doing so...Ch. 2 - A cylindrical vessel with rigid adiabatic walls is...Ch. 2 - In the reversible adiabatic expansion of 1.75 mol...Ch. 2 - A system consisting of 82.5 g of liquid water at...Ch. 2 - A 1.25 mole sample of an ideal gas is expanded...Ch. 2 - A bottle at 325 K contains an ideal gas at a...Ch. 2 - A 2.25 mole sample of an ideal gas with Cv,m=3R/2...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.17NPCh. 2 - An ideal gas undergoes an expansion from the...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas described by Ti=275K,Pi=1.10bar, and...Ch. 2 - In an adiabatic compression of one mole of an...Ch. 2 - The heat capacity of solid lead oxide is given by...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.22NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.23NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.24NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.25NPCh. 2 - A 2.50 mol sample of an ideal gas for which...Ch. 2 - A 2.35 mole sample of an ideal gas, for which...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.28NPCh. 2 - A nearly flat bicycle tire becomes noticeably...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.30NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.31NPCh. 2 - Consider the isothermal expansion of 2.35 mol of...Ch. 2 - An automobile tire contains air at 225103Pa at...Ch. 2 - One mole of an ideal gas is subjected to the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.35NPCh. 2 - A pellet of Zn of mass 31.2 g is dropped into a...Ch. 2 - Calculate H and U for the transformation of 2.50...Ch. 2 - A 1.75 mole sample of an ideal gas for which...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.39NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.40NPCh. 2 - The Youngs modulus (see Problem P2.40) of muscle...Ch. 2 - DNA can be modeled as an elastic rod that can be...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.43NPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.44NP
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- Many compressed gases come in large,heavy metal cylindersthat are so heavy that they need a special cart to move them around. An80.0-Ltank ofnitrogen gas pressurized to 172 atm is left in the sun and heats from its normal temperature of 20.0C to 140.0C. Determine a the final pressureinsidethe tank and b the work, heat, and U of the process. Assume that behavior is ideal and the heatcapacity of diatomic nitrogenis 21.0J/mol.K.arrow_forwardWhat is the finaltemperature of0.122 mole ofmonatomic ideal gas that performs 75J of work adiabatically if the initial temperature is 235C?arrow_forwardWhat are the numerical values of the heat capacities c-v and c-p of a monatomic ideal gas,in units of cal/mol.K and L.atm/mol.K?arrow_forward
- Show that = T/p for an ideal gas.arrow_forwardc) 3.00 moles of an ideal gas with Cv,m= 3/2 R, initially at a temperature T¡ = 298 K and P; = 1.00 bar, is enclosed in an adiabatic piston and cylinder assembly. The gas is compressed by placing a 625 kg mass on the piston of diameter 20.0 cm. Calculate the work done in this process and the distance that the piston travels. Assume that the mass of the piston is negligible.arrow_forwarda) Suppose that attractions are the dominant interaction between gas molecules, and the equation of state is p = nRT/V – n2a/V2. Determine the work (W(non-ideal gas)) of reversible, isothermal expansion of such a gas from initial volume V (initial) = 20.0 L to final volume V(final) = 40.0 L if n = 2.00 mol, T = 300 K, and a = 3.621 atm-L2/mol2. Watch your units. (b) Determine the work (W(ideal gas) of reversible, isothermal expansion of an ideal gas from initial volume V (initial) = 20.0 L to final volume V(final) = 40.0 L if n = 2.00 mol and T = 300 K. (c) Show the difference W(non-ideal) – W(ideal). If all your calculations are done correctly, this result shows you the effect of attractive interaction between gas particles on the work done by the system.arrow_forward
- A monatomic ideal gas with volume 0.150 L is rapidly compressed, so the process can be considered adiabatic. If the gas is initially at 1.01 105 Pa and 3.00 102 K and the final temperature is 481 K, find the work done by the gas on the environment, Wenv.Wenv =arrow_forwardAn ideal monatomic gas expands adiabatically from 0.500 m3 to 1.57 m3. If the initial pressure and temperature are 1.30 ✕ 105 Pa and 350 K, respectively, find the number of moles in the gas, the final gas pressure (Pa), the final gas temperature (in K), and the work done on the gas (in J).arrow_forwardSuppose that attractions are the dominant interaction between gas molecules, and the equation of state is p = nRT/V – n2a/V2. Determine the work (W(non-ideal gas)) of reversible, isothermal expansion of such a gas from initial volume V (initial) = 20.0 L to final volume V(final) = 40.0 L if n = 2.00 mol, T = 300 K, and a = 3.621 atm-L2/mol2. Watch your units. Determine the work (W(ideal gas) of reversible, isothermal expansion of an ideal gas from initial volume V (initial) = 20.0 L to final volume V(final) = 40.0 L if n = 2.00 mol and T = 300 K. Show the difference W(non-ideal) – W(ideal). If all your calculations are done correctly, this result shows you the effect of attractive interaction between gas particles on the work done by the system.arrow_forward
- (b) An ideal gas of 2.5 moles undergoes an adiabatic expansion at an initial pressure of 4.25 bar and at an initial temperature of 540 K to a final temperature of 400 K. Calculate the work done which is equal to internal energy change under such conditions. Assume Cp,m = 5/2 Rarrow_forwardA sample of an ideal gas goes through the process shown in the figure below. From A to B, the process is adiabatic; from B to C, it is isobaric with 345 kJ of energy entering the system by heat; from C to D, the process is isothermal; and from D to A, it is isobaric with 371 kJ of energy leaving the system by heat. Determine the difference in internal energy Eint, B - Eint, A kJ Р (atm) B 3 A D 1 0.09 0.2 0.4 V (m³) 1.2arrow_forwardA 2.5 mol sample of an ideal gas with a molar specific heat Cv=5/2R always starts at pressure 1.50*105 Pa and temperature 350K. The gas is compressed adiabatically to 200kPa. Final pressure Pf = 200kPa Final volume Vf = 39.5L Final temperature Tf = 380K a) Determine the change in internal energy of the gas (ΔEint, in J). b) Determine the energy added to the gas by heat (Q, in J). c) Determine the work done on the gas (W, in J).arrow_forward
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