Chapter 19, Problem 57A

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The conjugate acid-base pairs are to be labeled.

Concept Introduction : The adjective conjugate is used to differentiate the reactants from the products of the forward reaction. This word's root is a Latin verb that means "to connect."

Answer to Problem 57A

The conjugate acid-base pairs are ${\text{HNO}}_3$ and ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{-}$ , and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

When a base picks up a hydrogen ion, a conjugate acid is created as an ion or molecule.

An ion or molecule that is left over after an acid loses a hydrogen ion is known as a conjugate base.

Two ions or molecules that are connected by the loss or gain of one hydrogen ion are referred to as a conjugate acid-base pair.

A hydrogen ion that acts as a donor is an acid while a hydrogen ion that acts as an acceptor is a base.

The reaction of ${\text{HNO}}_3$ in water is given as

  ${\text{HNO}}_3+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\to {\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{-}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$

Here, ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{-}$ is a conjugate base and ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$ is a conjugate acid.

There are two conjugate acid-base pairs. The one conjugate acid-base pair is ${\text{HNO}}_3$ and ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{-}$ , and the other is ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$ .

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The conjugate acid-base pairs are to be labeled.

Concept Introduction : The adjective conjugate is used to differentiate the reactants from the products of the forward reaction. This word's root is a Latin verb that means "to connect together."

Answer to Problem 57A

The conjugate acid-base pairs are ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ and ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{COO}}^{-}$ , and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

When a base picks up a hydrogen ion, a conjugate acid is created as an ion or molecule.

An ion or molecule that is left over after an acid loses a hydrogen ion is known as a conjugate base.

Two ions or molecules that are connected by the loss or gain of one hydrogen ion are referred to as a conjugate acid-base pair.

A hydrogen ion that acts as a donor is an acid while a hydrogen ion that acts as an acceptor is a base.

The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ in water is given as

  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}+{\text{CH}}_3{\text{COO}}^{-}$

Here, ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{COO}}^{-}$ is a conjugate base and ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$ is a conjugate acid.

There are two conjugate acid-base pairs. The one conjugate acid-base pair is ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ and ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{COO}}^{-}$ , and the other is ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$ .

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The conjugate acid-base pairs are to be labelled.

Concept Introduction : The adjective conjugate is used to differentiate the reactants from the products of the forward reaction. This word's root is a Latin verb that means "to connect together."

Answer to Problem 57A

The conjugate acid-base pairs are ${\text{NH}}_3$ and ${\text{NH}}_4^{+}$ , and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

When a base picks up a hydrogen ion, a conjugate acid is created as an ion or molecule.

An ion or molecule that is left over after an acid loses a hydrogen ion is known as a conjugate base.

Two ions or molecules that are connected by the loss or gain of one hydrogen ion are referred to as a conjugate acid-base pair.

A hydrogen ion that acts as a donor is an acid while a hydrogen ion that acts as an acceptor is a base.

The reaction of ${\text{NH}}_3$ in water is given as

  ${\text{NH}}_3+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_4^{+}\text{+}{\text{OH}}^{-}$

Here, ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ is a conjugate base and ${\text{NH}}_4^{+}$ is a conjugate acid.

There are two conjugate acid-base pairs. The one conjugate acid-base pair is ${\text{NH}}_3$ and ${\text{NH}}_4^{+}$ , and the other is ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ .

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The conjugate acid-base pairs are to be labeled.

Concept Introduction : The adjective conjugate is used to differentiate the reactants from the products of the forward reaction. This word's root is a Latin verb that means "to connect together."

Answer to Problem 57A

The conjugate acid-base pairs are ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{-}$ and ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ , and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

When a base picks up a hydrogen ion, a conjugate acid is created as an ion or molecule.

An ion or molecule that is left over after an acid loses a hydrogen ion is known as a conjugate base.

Two ions or molecules that are connected by the loss or gain of one hydrogen ion are referred to as a conjugate acid-base pair.

A hydrogen ion that acts as a donor is an acid while a hydrogen ion that acts as an acceptor is a base.

The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{-}$ in water is given as

  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\rightleftharpoons {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}\text{+}{\text{OH}}^{-}$

Here, ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ is a conjugate base and ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ is a conjugate acid.

There are two conjugate acid-base pairs. The one conjugate acid-base pair is ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{-}$ and ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ , and the other is ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ .