Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 4AWK
Geneticists often study patterns of gene transfer in a variety of model organisms, including plants, fruit flies, and even worms. If they're really interested in patterns of inheritance in humans, why don't they use humans or at least larger animals more similar to humans, such as pigs or even primates?
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Often geneticists want to change one allele in an outcrossing organism while keeping the rest of the genome the same. For example, they might wish to take a specially designed stock of flies and alter the eye color from red to white. Suppose that the white-eye allele is dominant, meaning that flies with one or two white-eye alleles will have white eyes. One procedure used is to take a white-eyed fly and cross it with the red-eyed stock. The whiteeyed offspring are then considered to be the first generation, and are crossed with the red-eyed stock. Their white-eyed offspring are considered to be the second generation, and are again crossed with the red-eyed stock, and so forth. The special red-eyed stock is homozygous for the desirable allele A at some other locus, but the white-eyed fly is homozygous for the inferior a allele at that locus. What is the genotype at the eye color locus in the second and subsequent generations?
You are working in the lab with strains of Drosophila that have either normal legs or abnormally short legs and you are studying the gene responsible. You know that normal legs are dominant to short legs. You come across a misplaced fly with normal legs, but you are not sure of his genetic background and you want to keep him in your experiments.
(Without doing a molecular analysis), How could you figure out whether he was heterozygous or homozygous for the leg gene that you are studying? (Describe what you would do and how the results would answer the question.)
What is the procedure you described above called?
Often geneticists want to change one allele in an outcrossing organism while keeping the rest of the genome the same. For example, they might wish to take a specially designed stock of flies and alter the eye color from red to white. Suppose that the white-eye allele is dominant, meaning that flies with one or two white-eye alleles will have white eyes. One procedure used is to take a white-eyed fly and cross it with the red-eyed stock. The whiteeyed offspring are then considered to be the first generation, and are crossed with the red-eyed stock. Their white-eyed offspring are considered to be the second generation, and are again crossed with the red-eyed stock, and so forth. The special red-eyed stock is homozygous for the desirable allele A at some other locus, but the white-eyed fly is homozygous for the inferior a allele at that locus. What fraction of flies will have the a allele (at the second locus) after t generations?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 19 - If you might be a carrier of a gene for an...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2QCCh. 19 - Prob. 1CRCh. 19 - Prob. 2CRCh. 19 -
3. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype.
Ch. 19 - Describe the contributions of Mendel to the field...Ch. 19 - Explain how alterations of chromosome number and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6CRCh. 19 - Prob. 7CRCh. 19 - Describe what is meant by sex-linked inheritance.
Ch. 19 -
9. Explain why lethal diseases caused by dominant...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10CRCh. 19 - All of the following statements about homologous...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2TYCh. 19 -
3. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Which of the following results in the separation...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - Prob. 10TYCh. 19 - What tool is used to determine the probabilities...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYCh. 19 - What is the basis for the tremendous genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYCh. 19 -
15. Which of the following events or processes...Ch. 19 -
1. What fraction of the offspring of two...Ch. 19 -
2. Why is it that the range of resting blood...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 19 - Geneticists often study patterns of gene transfer...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 19 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 19 - Nondisjunction during meiosis can lead to the...
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- Often geneticists want to change one allele in an outcrossing organism while keeping the rest of the genome the same. For example, they might wish to take a specially designed stock of flies and alter the eye color from red to white. Suppose that the white-eye allele is dominant, meaning that flies with one or two white-eye alleles will have white eyes. One procedure used is to take a white-eyed fly and cross it with the red-eyed stock. The whiteeyed offspring are then considered to be the first generation, and are crossed with the red-eyed stock. Their white-eyed offspring are considered to be the second generation, and are again crossed with the red-eyed stock, and so forth. The special red-eyed stock is homozygous for the desirable allele A at some other locus, but the white-eyed fly is homozygous for the inferior a allele at that locus. What is the genotype at the eye color locus in the first generation?arrow_forwardOften geneticists want to change one allele in an outcrossing organism while keeping the rest of the genome the same. For example, they might wish to take a specially designed stock of flies and alter the eye color from red to white. Suppose that the white-eye allele is dominant, meaning that flies with one or two white-eye alleles will have white eyes. One procedure used is to take a white-eyed fly and cross it with the red-eyed stock. The whiteeyed offspring are then considered to be the first generation, and are crossed with the red-eyed stock. Their white-eyed offspring are considered to be the second generation, and are again crossed with the red-eyed stock, and so forth. The special red-eyed stock is homozygous for the desirable allele A at some other locus, but the white-eyed fly is homozygous for the inferior a allele at that locus. What fraction of flies will have the a allele (at the second locus) after two generationsarrow_forwardOften geneticists want to change one allele in an outcrossing organism while keeping the rest of the genome the same. For example, they might wish to take a specially designed stock of flies and alter the eye color from red to white. Suppose that the white-eye allele is dominant, meaning that flies with one or two white-eye alleles will have white eyes. One procedure used is to take a white-eyed fly and cross it with the red-eyed stock. The whiteeyed offspring are then considered to be the first generation, and are crossed with the red-eyed stock. Their white-eyed offspring are considered to be the second generation, and are again crossed with the red-eyed stock, and so forth. The special red-eyed stock is homozygous for the desirable allele A at some other locus, but the white-eyed fly is homozygous for the inferior a allele at that locus. How many back-crosses would be necessary to purge 99.9999% of the inferior genes from the white-eyed fly?arrow_forward
- Imagine that you are a new breeder for caique parrots. You can sell normal green feather birds for $500 a bird. The mutation for blue feathers is rare and birds with this color can sell for $3000 a bird. Your goal is to produce as many blue feather offspring as you can, but you don't have the budget to buy blue feather birds as parents. Question: What genotype should you purchase for both parent blrds to get the best chance of getting blue feather offspring? Create and use your Punnett square results as evidence to support your answer. You will need to make multiple Punnett Squares to see which parent genotypes makes the most blue feathered offspring. Keep in mind that Green fealhers (G) is dominant over blue feathers (g), so birds with blue feathers have the genotype gg. Some Punnett squares are provided for you to determine the possible crosses, but remember yoU cannot afford a blue feathered bird, so neither of your parent birds can have the genotype gg. Complete a Punnett Square…arrow_forwardPhotography booths that claim to produce pictures of what a male or female child of any given couple will look like are beginning to appear in arcades throughout the country. A couple enters the booth, a camera takes their pictures, and then a computer program analyzes and blends the morphologies of the two people to produce images of a male child and a female child they might create. In genetic terms, why will the couple be wasting their money if they buy these computer images? (Respond in at least 2 paragraphs)arrow_forwardSuppose that you are at a party on Friday night, relaxing after your big genetics exam. Someone comes up to you and, hearing that you just finished your genetics exam, says, “What exactly is a gene?” How would you respond? What are the strengths and weaknesses of your definition of a gene?arrow_forward
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- Why do Humans require pedigree analysis instead of breeding experiments to determine how a trait is inherited?arrow_forwardYou are evaluating a trait that is associated with fur color in mice. The trait is controlled by a single autosomal gene where A1 codes for dark fur and A2 codes for light fur. You are mating two homozygous parents- a male that is A1A1 and a female that is A2A2. You learn that the trait is involved in genomic imprinting where the paternally inherited allele is heavily methylated to the point where it is completely silenced. If you performed a RECIPROCAL CROSS what phenotypic ration would you predict among the progeny? 100% Dark 100% Light 3Dark:1Light 1Light:3 Dark None of the answers I want are shown.arrow_forwardIn an epic battle, the Green Goblin was able to wound Spider-Man and collect a sample of his cells. Utilizing a HuMouse model organism, the Goblin got the mutated chromosomes into the animals and began breeding them to determine the basis of their chromosomal inheritance. In the process of conducting his research, he discovered the gene associated with spider-like powers are actually three distinct genes: one for spider sense; one for super strength; one for enhanced agility. All genes appear to be dominant, so the Goblin runs a test cross and gets the following results: Phenotype Agility Number of Progeny 94 Agility and Sense 3 All 3 Powers 580 Sense 40 Strength and Agility Strength and Sense Strength 45 89 5 No Powers 592 What is the map distance between Strength and Agility genes? (Enter your number as map units, or centiMorgans, but without units)arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY