Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 2QP
How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations?
The MN blood group is a single-gene, two-allele system in which each allele is codominant. Why are such codominant alleles ideal for studies of allele frequencies in a population?
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While studying the frequency of sickle-cell disease ("sickle cell anemia") in a population living in sub-Saharan Africa, you obtain the following data from a sample of n= 100 people (note that I chose a simpler system for identifying the alleles rather than using "Hb S" for sickle cell allele), which is the actual name and what you used in lab). What is the frequency of the sickle cell allele (b) in the sample below from a human population?
Sample Data
BB-60 individuals (No sickle cell disease)
Bb-30 individuals (No sickle cell disease)
bb-10 individuals (Sickle cell disease)
1. 0.25
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4. 0.60
5. 0.20
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a) What is the frequency of allele A?
Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many people do you expect to have the three genotypes in a population of 10,000?
b) AA:_______
c) Aa:________
d) aa:_________
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.8 - Why dont genetic markers on the Y chromosome...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 2GRCh. 19 - If you suspected that heterozygous carriers of a...Ch. 19 - If allele frequencies in the hemoglobin gene are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4QPCh. 19 - Prob. 5QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...
Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10QPCh. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17QPCh. 19 - Prob. 18QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Natural Selection Affects the Frequency of Genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 21QPCh. 19 - Prob. 22QPCh. 19 - The Evolutionary History and Spread of Our Species...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24QPCh. 19 - Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome...
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- 8% of XY individuals are color blind in a population. Assume Hardy-Weinberg conditions. Submit your answer as it is. a) What is the percentage of color-blind XX individuals? b) What is the percentage of XX individuals who are carriers? c) If this population has 1000 individuals with 50% of male and 50% of female, how many carriers are present in this population? Submit your answer as it is. Do not round up.arrow_forwardA total of 1000 members of a Central American population are typed for the ABO blood group. In the sample, 421 have blood type A, 168 have blood type B, 336 have blood type O, and 75 have blood type AB. Part A Use this information to determine the frequency of ABO blood group alleles in the sample. Recall that when considering genes with three alleles whose frequencies are represented by the variables p, q, and r, the sum of genotype frequencies resulting from trinomial expansion is: (p+q+r)² =p² + 2pq+q2+2pr+r²+2gr = 1arrow_forwardUsing the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?arrow_forward
- How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? Drawing on your newly acquired understanding of the HardyWeinberg equilibrium law, point out why the following statement is erroneous: Because most of the people in Sweden have blond hair and blue eyes, the genes for blond hair and blue eyes must be dominant in that population.arrow_forwardA researcher examines a locus, or marker, in which there is a particular C/T polymorphism in a population of interest. Let’s call this Locus 1. They obtain the following genotype counts in a sample of the population: CC:42, CT:16, TT:32. a) Calculate the genotype frequencies and the allele frequencies for Locus 1 in the sample.b) Calculate the observed heterozygosity (the frequency of heterozygotes) and the observed homozygosity (the total frequency of all homozygotes) in the sample. Ensure that these two frequencies add up to 1.arrow_forwardWhich type of selection (directional, disruptive, stabilizing) changes the overall average phenotype in a population? How does it do this? What does "additive” mean? Why aren't dominant and epistatic variances considered to be additive?arrow_forward
- at what allelic frequency is the heterozygous genotype twice as frequent as the homozygous genotype in a population when in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?arrow_forward1) In cats, the allele for white fur(W) is completely dominant and will result in cats with all white fur in both the homozygous dominant and heterozygous cases. Suppose you look at 50 cats and notice that none of them are completely white. What's the allele frequency for the white fur allele in this population? 2) In carnations, the allele that makes red pigment (R) in flowers is incompletely dominant. Flowers that are red are homozygous dominant and those are pink are heterozygous. White flowers (r) are the result of the recessive allele. Suppose you look at a field of 100 carnations and notice 42 of the plants produce red flowers, 42 have pink flowers, and 16 produce white flowers. What's the allele frequency for both the red (R) and white (r) alleles?arrow_forwardFor a gene existing in two alleles, what are the allele frequencies when the heterozygote frequency is at its maximum value, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What if there are three alleles?arrow_forward
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