Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 10QP
Summary Introduction
To determine: The frequencies of p and q that result in the greatest proportion of heterozygotes in a population using table 19.1 given in the book.
Introduction: The allele frequency refers to number of times an allele occurs at a specific locus within a population. It can be represented as percentage or in fraction. The allele frequency is indicative of variation at a particular locus.
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In a population of 200 people, an allele F has a frequency of 84%. What is the frequency of allele f? Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, estimate the numbers of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive genotypes. (Remember that the formula is: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, where p represents the dominant allele and q represents the recessive allele.) *Be sure to account for all 200 people in the population.
Connection to Quantitative traits: SNPs are inherited in a Mendelian fashion and are often polygenic in nature. We can think of SNPs in terms of either contributing or non-contributing alleles. A study of SNPs correlated with heart disease has shown that heart problems are severe if 9 or more of the alleles at 6 loci are of the contributing variety. What is the probability the following parents will have a child that is susceptible heart disease?
AaBbccDDEEFf x AaBbCCDdEeff
Hardy-Weinberg Problems
Please be sure to SHOW ALL WORK in order to get credit. This assignment will be graded for accuracy. *Hint: Remember what p and q represent. Determine first if I am asking for allele frequency or genotype/phenotype frequency. Then determine which equation is appropriate.
What does p and q represent in the equations?
Which equation do you use if I am asking for allele frequency?
If the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.1, what is the frequency of the dominant allele?
If the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.4, what is the frequency of the recessive allele?
If the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.6, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype?
If the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype is 0.81, what is the frequency of the recessive allele?
If the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype is 0.25, what is the frequency of the dominant allele?
If the frequency of the…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.8 - Why dont genetic markers on the Y chromosome...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 2GRCh. 19 - If you suspected that heterozygous carriers of a...Ch. 19 - If allele frequencies in the hemoglobin gene are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4QPCh. 19 - Prob. 5QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...
Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10QPCh. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17QPCh. 19 - Prob. 18QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Natural Selection Affects the Frequency of Genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 21QPCh. 19 - Prob. 22QPCh. 19 - The Evolutionary History and Spread of Our Species...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24QPCh. 19 - Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome...
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- Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?arrow_forwardA total of 1000 members of a Central American population are typed for the ABO blood group. In the sample, 421 have blood type A, 168 have blood type B, 336 have blood type O, and 75 have blood type AB. Part A Use this information to determine the frequency of ABO blood group alleles in the sample. Recall that when considering genes with three alleles whose frequencies are represented by the variables p, q, and r, the sum of genotype frequencies resulting from trinomial expansion is: (p+q+r)² =p² + 2pq+q2+2pr+r²+2gr = 1arrow_forwardThis lab exercise requires that we count certain Mendelian traits among students present in the lab. Your professor will explain each trait being addressed and will then ask students to identify if they are dominant or recessive for that specific trait. The collected traits will then be plugged into the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium formula in order to calculate frequency of Homozygous dominant, Heterozygous and Homozygous recessive individuals in the same. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 100 given data: trait: hair swirl 19 individuals total. 10 had the homozygous dominant hair swirl trait: clockwise the nine other were recessive please do a step by step explanation with the calculation using this data, as I am very unfamiliar with what values mean what and the equation itself thank you!arrow_forward
- "he equation p + 2pq + q° = 1 representing the lardy-Weinberg proportions examines genes with nly two alleles in a population. . Derive a similar equation describing the equilib- rium proportions of genotypes for a gene with three alleles. [Hint: Remember that the Hardy- Weinberg equation can be written as the binomial expansion (p + q)*.] A single gene with three alleles (r^, 1", and i) is responsible for the ABO blood groups. Individuals with blood type A can be either rr or ^ i; those with blood type B can be either 1" 1 or 1" i; people with AB blood are A ", and type O individuals are ii. Among Armenians, the frequency of is 0.360, the frequency of " is 0.104, and the frequency of iarrow_forwardUsing the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a given population, the frequencies of the four phenotypic classes of the ABO blood groups are found to be A = 0.33, B = 0.33, AB = 0.18, and i = 0.16. What is the frequency of the i allele?arrow_forwardSuppose the frequency of the recessive allele a for the recessive condition albinism is 0.2 Assume the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. What is the frequency of albinism in the general population? What fraction of the population are carriers?arrow_forward
- Recall that the alleles for blood groups are A, B, O, and that A and B are each dominant to O, and A and B are codominant (AA and AO= A blood type; BB and BO = B blood type; AB = AB blood type; OO = O blood type). According to the Red Cross, in the US Asian population the alleles frequencies of A, B, an O are 18.8%, 17.6%, and 63.6%, respectively. If a mother and son from this population have blood type AB and the father has blood type B, what is the probability that the father’s genotype is BB?arrow_forwardWhat evolutionary factors can cause allele frequencies to change and possibly lead to a genetic polymorphism? Discuss the relative importance of each type of process.arrow_forwardExample 3.5.7 Fish Vertebrae Consider the distribution of vertebrae given in Table 3.5.1. In Exam- ple 3.5.5 we found that the mean of Y is µy = 21.49. The variance of Y is VAR(Y) = of = (20 – 21.49) x Pr{Y = 20} 21) %3D + (21 – 21.49)? x Pr{Y + (22 – 21.49)? x Pr{Y = 22} + (23 – 21.49) x Pr{Y = 23} = (-1.49) x 0.03 + (-.49) x 0.51 + (0.51) x 0.40 + (1.51)² × 0.06 = 2.2201 x 0.03 + .2401 x 0.51 + .2601 x 0.40 + 2.2801 x 0.06 = 0.066603 + 0.122451 + 0.10404 + 0.136806 = 0.4299. The standard deviation of Y is ay = V0.4299 - 0.6557. %3Darrow_forward
- Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the Hardy-Weinberg expression: p2 + 2pq + q2? Group of answer choices p2 is the frequency of individuals with the homozygous recessive genotype. 2pq is the frequency of individuals with the heterozygous genotype. It can be used to determine the genotype and allele frequencies of the previous and the next generations. Knowing either p2 or q2, you can calculate all the other frequenciesarrow_forwardIf the Hardy-Weinberg equation enables us to use information on genotype and allele frequencies to predict the genotype frequencies of the next generation. In a population of 100,000 people carrying the recessive allele a for albinism, there are: 100 aa albinos and 1800 Aa heterozygous carriers. What is a frequency of heterozygous carriers in the next generation? Calculate the frequency for the A allele and a allele. How this will chance the frequency of alleles in a population for the following generation?arrow_forwardSuppose that a geneticist studies a series of characteristics in monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins. He finds various rates of phenotypic concordance for the characteristics, as shown in the table. Rate of phenotypic concordance (%) Characteristic Monozygotic Dizygotic migraine headache 60 30 eye color 100 40 measles 90 90 clubfoot 30 10 high blood pressure 70 40 handedness 70 70 tuberculosis Classify each characteristic according to whether the corresponding rates of concordance indicate a genetic influence, an environmental influence, or both genetic and environmental influences.arrow_forward
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