Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 19.5CC
Suppose you use molecular biology techniques to produce an engineered form of the enzyme hexokinase that contains a signal sequence at its N-terminus and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) at its C-terminus. You add mRNA corresponding to this protein to cells. What do you expect to see as this mRNA is translated? Explain your answer.
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Describes a method known as Western blotting that can be used to detect a polypeptide that is translated from a particular mRNA. In this method, a particular polypeptide or protein is detected by an antibody that specifically recognizes a segment of its amino acid sequence. After the antibody binds to the polypeptide within a gel, a secondary antibody (which is labeled) is used to visualize the polypeptide as a dark band.For example, an antibody that recognizes α-galactosidase A couldbe used to specifically detect the amount of α-galactosidase A proteinon a gel. The enzyme α-galactosidase A is defective in individuals with Fabry disease, which shows an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. Amy, Nan, and Pete are siblings, and Pete has Fabry disease. Aileen, Jason, and Jerry are brothers and sister, and Jerry has Fabry disease. Amy, Nan, and Pete are not related to Aileen, Jason, and Jerry. Amy, Nan, and Aileen are concerned that they could be carriers of a defective…
Consider a stretch of DNA (a hypothetical gene) that has the sequence 5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTC-TAA 3’
A) Transcribe and translate this gene using the genetic code table. Be sure to label the mRNA 3’ and 5’ ends. Write the amino acid sequence using 1 letter abbreviations.
B) Now, our hypothetical gene has undergone a mutation. The mutant sequence is....3’ TAC-GAT-AGT-ACC-AAT-ATT 5’5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTA-TAA 3’
Transcribe and translate the mutant sequence. Be sure to label the mRNA 3’ and 5’ ends. Write the amino acid sequence using 1 letter abbreviations.
C) Indicate the type of mutation (nonsense, missense, silent, or frame shift) present.
D) How severe of a consequence will this mutation likely be in terms of protein function (none, mild, moderate or severe)? Why?
The asterisk (*) in the diagram below indicates a single base mutation in the 5' splice site of the second intron of a eukaryotic gene. Due to this mutation, the second intron is now not ‘spliced out’ during the splicing process.
What are the most likely consequences of this mutation with respect to the size of the pre-mRNA and the size of the mature mRNA?
a.
The pre-mRNA will be longer and the mature mRNA will be longer.
b.
The pre-mRNA will be longer and the size of the mature mRNA will not be affected
c.
The size of the pre-mRNA will not be affected and the mature mRNA will be longer
d.
The size of the pre-mRNA will not be affected and the size of the mature mRNA will not be affected
Chapter 19 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 19 - Suppose a tRNA has the anticodon 3-CGU-5. What two...Ch. 19 - Kanamycin is an antibiotic that binds to bacterial...Ch. 19 - You are working in a lab to identify new alleles...Ch. 19 - Suppose you are using GFP fusion proteins to study...Ch. 19 - Enzymes can undergo allosteric regulation or...Ch. 19 - Suppose you use molecular biology techniques to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.1PSCh. 19 - Tracking a Series of Mutations. The following...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.3PSCh. 19 - Prob. 19.4PS
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- MRNAs and eukaryotic cells receive different modifications than those in prokaryotic cells, because eukaryotic mRNAs must be able to accomplish different things. Which of the following describes events that are necessary for an mRNA to be expressed in a eukaryotic cell, but are not necessary for mRNAs in a prokaryotic cell? select all that apply A) introns must be removed from the eukaryotic mRNA B) The mRNA must leave from the nucleus C) transcription factors must bind to the mRNA in a eukaryotic cell after it is transcribed D) A ribsome must bind to the mRNA .arrow_forwardThe following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATGATAGCACCAGACTCGCAarrow_forwardThe base sequence of the gene coding for a short polypeptide is TAC CTA CGC TAG GCG ATT GAC T. What would be the base sequence of the mRNA transcribed from this gene? The base sequence of the gene coding for a short polypeptide is TAC CTA CGC TAG GCG ATT GAC T. From your answer to the last question, answer this Using the genetic code, give the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide translated from this mRNA. Use the three-letter abbrebviation of the amino acid and start with the start codon and stop in the stop codon.arrow_forward
- The following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATAAGCCAGACTCAGCAarrow_forwardWhat would happen to an mRNA produced from a gene that contained a mutation in the 3'UTR region that deleted a cis-element required for poly A tailing?Question 20 options: The mRNA would be exported to the cytoplasm but would not be translated very efficiently The mRNA would never be exported to the cytoplasm The mRNA would not be spliced or exported to the cytoplasm The mRNA would be translated into a mutant proteinarrow_forwardIntrons are often very large and the cell has devoted mechanisms of eliminating them once they are excised from the pre-mRNA. Following intron excision, what specific ribonucleolytic enzymes or complexes contribute to eliminating the intron RNA immediately after it is excised from the pre-mRNA? Briefly describe the role of each step/enzyme and how it affects its RNA substratearrow_forward
- As shown in the following diagram, a pre-mRNA contains seven exons, which are numbered in black, and six introns, which are numbered in green. A splicing repressor binds at the 3′ splice site at the end of intron 4, which is just before exon 5. What exons will be included in the mature mRNA?arrow_forwardYou are working in the lab, with a cell-free translational system that contains microsomes. Microsomes are artificial structures derived from pieces of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) formed during tissue homogenization. These microsomes lack the signal recognition particle or SRP. You translate an mRNA that codes for a secretory protein using this system. Which of the following outcomes do you expect? The protein will be synthesized and its signal sequence will be removed The protein will be synthesized and will be incorporated into the microsome O No protein synthesis The protein will be synthesized and will not be incorporated into the microsomearrow_forwardYou are studying a human cancer cell line and you notice that you see the normal amount of RNA but the protein concentration is extremely low. When you investigate more closely you notice that the MRNA is properly processed and in the cytosol but you detect very little protein. When you sequence the mRNA you see no mutations. a) When you sequence the ribosomal RNA associated with the small subunit you notice two transition mutations. What function of the ribosome might be disrupted by these mutations? b) You also sequence the DNA encoding the large ribosomal subunit and notice one substitution mutation. What function of the ribosome might be disrupted by this mutation? c) Suggest one experiment that you might do to determine if the mutations in (a) or the mutation in (b) is the cause of low protein production.arrow_forward
- a) Two of the following three mRNA sequences code for the same protein. Delete the sequence which does NOT code for the same protein as the other two. [ /1] #1 UUU CCU AGU GGU #2 UUC CCA AGC GGC #3 UUC CCG AGA GGA b) Despite the fact that one of the mRNA sequences above codes for a different protein, it IS possible that it will be translated into the same protein as the other two. Based on what you have learned in this unit, explain how this might happen.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the formation of mRNA in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. How do the differences affect the way in which each type of mRNA is translated? Does one system have any obvious advantage in terms of energy cost? Which system offers greater opportunities for control of gene expression?arrow_forwardSuppose the gene that produced this mRNA happens to mutate so that one of the codons in the middle of the mRNA becomes a stop codon. What will happen the next time the gene is transcribed and translated? Will any protein be produced from the mutant mRNA? Explain.arrow_forward
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